Abstract. Face recognition is the identification process to recognize a person's face. Many studies have been developing face recognition methods, one of which is the Two Dimensional Linear Discriminant Analysis (TDLDA) which has pretty good accuracy results with the method of classification Support Vector Machine (SVM). With more training data can add computational time. TDLDA using all the piksel image as input to be processed for feature extraction. Though not all the objects in the area of the face is a significant feature in face recognition. In this study, the proposed use of the T-shape with only use a significant part is the eyes, nose, and mouth are integrated with TDLDA and SVM. The result could reduce computing time on face recognition 21.56% faster than TDLDA method. The accuracy of the results in this study was 91% -96% which is close to the level of accuracy without using a mask on the face.Keyword: face recognition, T-shape, TDLDA, Support vector machine. Abstrak. Pengenalan wajah merupakan proses identifikasi untuk mengenali wajah seseorang. Telah Banyak penelitian yang mengembangkan metode pengenalan wajah, salah satunya adalah Two Dimensional Linear Discriminant Analysis (TDLDA) yang memiliki hasil akurasi yang cukup baik dengan metode klasifikasi Support Vector Machine (SVM). Dengan semakin banyak data training dapat menambah waktu komputasinya. TDLDA menggunakan semua piksel citra sebagai masukan yang akan diproses untuk ekstrasi fitur. Padahal tidak semua objek pada area wajah merupakan fitur yang signifikan dalam pengenalan wajah. Dalam penelitian ini diusulkan penggunaan T-shape dengan hanya menyimpan bagian yang signifikan yaitu mata, hidung, dan mulut yang diintegrasikan dengan TDLDA dan SVM. Hasilnya dapat mengurangi waktu komputasi pada pengenalan wajah 21,56% lebih cepat daripada metode TDLDA. Hasil akurasi pada penelitian ini adalah 91%-96% yang mendekati tingkat akurasi tanpa menggunakan mask pada wajah.Kata Kunci: pengenalan wajah, T-shape, TDLDA, Support vector machine.
One of ways to facilitate process of information retrieval is by performing clustering toward collection of the existing documents. The existing text documents are often unstructured. The forms are varied and their groupings are ambiguous. This cases cause difficulty on information retrieval process. Moreover, every second new documents emerge and need to be clustered. Generally, static document clustering method performs clustering of document after whole documents are collected. However, performing re-clustering toward whole documents when new document arrives causes inefficient clustering process. In this paper, we proposed a new method for document clustering with dynamic hierarchy algorithm based on fuzzy set type-II from frequent item set. To achieve the goals, there are three main phases, namely: determination of keyterm, the extraction of candidates clusters and cluster hierarchical construction. Based on the experiment, it resulted the value of F-measure 0.40 for Newsgroup, 0.62 for Classic and 0.38 for Reuters. Meanwhile, time of computation when addition of new document is lower than to the previous static method. The result shows that this method is suitable to produce solution of clustering with hierarchy in dynamical environment effectively and efficiently. This method also gives accurate clustering result. Key Words: Dynamic Hierarchical Algorithm, Fuzzy Set Type-II, Document Clustering. AbstrakSalah satu cara untuk mempermudah proses information retieval adalah dengan melakukan pengklasteran terhadap koleksi dokumen yang ada. Dokumen teks yang ada seringkali tidak terstruktur, formatnya bervariasi, dan pengelompokannya ambigu. Hal ini menimbulkan kesulitan dalam proses information retrieval. Selain itu, setiap detik dokumen baru bartambah dan perlu untuk dikelompokkan. Pada umumnya, metode pengklasteran dokumen statis melakukan pengklasteran dokumen setelah keseluruhan dokumen terkumpul. Namun, melakukan pengklasteran ulang terhadap keseluruhan dokumen ketika dokumen baru tiba mengakibatkan proses pengklasteran menjadi tidak efisien. Penelitian ini mengusulkan metode baru untuk pengklasteran dokumen dengan algoritma hierarki dinamis berbasis fuzzy set type-II dari frequent itemset. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, terdapat 3 tahapan utama yang akan dilakukan, yaitu; ekstraksi keyterm, ekstraksi kandidat klaster dan pembangunan hirarki klaster. Berdasarkan eksperimen yang telah dilakukan diperoleh nilai F-Measure 0,40 untuk Newsgroup, 0,62 untuk Classic, dan 0,38 untuk Reuters. Sedangkan waktu komputasi pada saat penambahan dokumen dapat direduksi dibanding dengan metode statis sebelumnya. Hasil percobaan terhadap beberapa dataset koleksi dokumen menunjukkan bahwa metode ini tidak hanya sesuai untuk menghasilkan solusi pengklasteran secara hirarki dalam lingkungan yang dinamis secara efektif dan efisien, tetapi juga memberikan hasil pengklasteran yang akurat.Kata Kunci: Algoritma Hirarki Dinamis, Fuzzy Set Tipe-II, Pengklasteran Dokumen.
This essay examines how temporal data models are created and how they are integrated into database management systems. The well-known Relational Data Model’s extension, the Temporal Relational Data Model, is discussed. The application of this temporal data model in database management systems is also researched. The Historical Relational Data Model adds timestamps to attributes, and the Temporal Relational Model adds timestamps to tuples. These two approaches make up the temporal data model. It has become apparent via the implementation of this temporal data model that not all temporal data ideas are applicable to database management systems. IBM DB2 has explicitly integrated the idea of time stamps, but not the idea of PERIOD data type. While Teradata has implemented the PERIOD data type, but has not yet implemented the concept of explicit timestamps.
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