Sago frond is a lignocellulose waste that it has not been utilized optimally. The purpose of this study was to produce cellulose from sago frond with alkaline delignification and bleaching on various types of bleach agents. The study was conducted in three stages, namely a characterization of sago frond, alkaline delignification, and bleaching. Proximate analysis showed that sago fronds are potentially used as a cellulose source. The treatments of alkaline delignification and bleaching on various types of bleach agents significantly affected the characteristics of cellulose. The delignification using 10% NaOH for 2 h, after which the bleaching was carried out using the alkaline hydrogen peroxide for the same duration, thereby, producing cellulose of the highest degree of crystallinity and whiteness, while the hemicellulose and lignin contents were relatively low. Thus, sago frond has the potential to be used as a cellulose source and is widely applied.

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The white crystal sugar agro-industry is an industry with dynamic characteristics characterized by a sustainable relationship between actors ranging from farmers to consumers. An inefficient supply chain system will affect the flow of products, information, and finance because many actors are involved and have influence. Hence, complicating the system in the tracking process flow, product flow and creating problems that occur in business processes. The main objective of this research is to propose the design of an integrated white crystal sugar agro-industrial supply chain system based on blockchain technology so that it can increase competitiveness in realizing food security and resilience; by proposing a search for the problem of mismatches that occur along the supply chain from upstream to downstream. The variables that will be identified in the supply chain flow include quality, quantity, and price, with the suitability of transaction information data ranging from farmers, sugar factories, warehouses, distribution, retailers to the final consumer. It is hoped that consumers will feel happy to consume trusted local sugar with the best safety and quality, as well as ensure transparency of information between actors. Previous traditional methods, which were still centralized, would be transformed into decentralized information, to create trust among stakeholders. With a blockchain-based traceability architecture design, it is hoped that the proposed design can be implemented in the white crystal sugar agro-industry.

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