Perovskite-structured
compounds containing organic cations and
inorganic anions have gained prominence as materials for next-generation
electronic and energy devices. Hybrid materials possessing ferro-
and piezoelectric properties are in recent focus for mechanical energy
harvesting (nanogenerator) applications. Here, we report the ferroelectric
behavior of A2BX4-type halogenocuprate materials
supported by heteroleptic phosphonium cations. These lead-free discrete
Cu(II) halides [Ph3MeP]2[CuCl4] (1) and [Ph3MeP]2[CuBr4] (2) exhibit a remnant polarization (P
r) of 17.16 and 26.02 μC cm–2, respectively,
at room temperature. Furthermore, flexible polymer films were prepared
with various weight percentage (wt %) compositions of 1 in thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and studied for mechanical energy
harvesting applications. A highest peak-to-peak voltage output of
25 V and power density of 14.1 μW cm–2 were
obtained for the optimal 15 wt % 1-TPU composite film.
The obtained output voltages were utilized for charging a 100 μF
electrolytic capacitor that reaches its maximum charging point within
30 s with sizable stored energies and accumulated charges.
Organic ferroelectrics due to their low cost, easy preparation, light weight, high flexibility and phase stability are gaining tremendous attention in the field of portable electronics. In this work, we report the synthesis, structure and ferroelectric behavior of a two-component ammonium salt 2, containing a bulky [Bn(4-BrBn)NMe 2 ] + (Bn = benzyl and 4-BrBn = 4-bromobenzyl) cation and tetrahedral (BF 4 ) À anion. The structural analysis revealed the presence of rich nonclassical CÀ H•••F and CÀ H•••Br interactions in this molecule that were quantified by Hirshfeld surface analysis. The polarization (P) vs. electric field (E) hysteresis loop measurementson 2 gave a remnant polarization (P r ) of 14.4 μC cm À 2 at room temperature. Flexible polymer composites with various (5, 10, 15 and 20) weight percentages (wt%) of 2 in thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) were prepared and tested for mechanical energy harvesting applications. A notable peak-to-peak output voltage of 20 V, maximum current density of 1.1 μA cm À 2 and power density of 21.1 μW cm À 2 were recorded for the 15 wt% 2-TPU composite device. Furthermore, the voltage output generated from this device was utilized to rapidly charge a 100 μF capacitor, with stored energies and measured charges of 156 μJ and 121.6 μC, respectively.
Lead-free hybrid perovskite piezoelectrics have gained enormous attention due to their nontoxic metal content and notable physical properties. In this work, we report a bismuth-bromide-based perovskite-structured material stabilized by chiral...
Hybrid materials possessing piezo-and ferroelectric properties emerge as excellent alternatives to conventional piezoceramics due to their merits of facile synthesis, lightweight nature, ease of fabrication and mechanical flexibility. Inspired by the structural stability of aminophosphonium compounds, here we report the first A 3 BX 6 type cyanometallate [Ph 2 ( i PrNH) 2 P] 3 [Fe-(CN) 6 ] (1), which shows a ferroelectric saturation polarization (P s ) of 3.71 μC cm À 2 . Compound 1 exhibits a high electrostrictive coefficient (Q 33 ) of 0.73 m 4 C À 2 , far exceeding those of piezoceramics (0.034-0.096 m 4 C À 2 ). Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) analysis demonstrates the polarization switching and domain structure of 1 further confirming its ferroelectric nature. Furthermore, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) polymer composite films of 1 were prepared and employed as piezoelectric nanogenerators. Notably, the 15 wt % 1-TPU device gave a maximum output voltage of 13.57 V and a power density of 6.03 μW cm À 2 .
Three-dimensional printing (3DP) is an emerging technology to fabricate complex architectures, necessary to realize state-of-the-art flexible and wearable electronic devices. In this regard, top-performing devices containing organic ferro- and piezoelectric...
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