Despite the rise in the number of cases of breast cancer in recent years, clinical diagnosis of a primary tumor in cases presenting with metastasis to the oral cavity poses a challenge in modern medicine because of its rare presentation.We report a case of breast cancer which presented as a painless swelling in the jaw. A 37-year-old multiparous woman consulted her dentist with complaints of toothache and swelling over the right cheek. On examination, she was diagnosed with dental caries and an orthopantomogram (OPG) was done to evaluate the swelling which revealed an area of rarefaction with an irregular margin on the right angle of the mandible. With suspicion of malignancy, the head, neck, oral and pharyngeal regions were thoroughly inspected and palpated. An ultrasonogram (USG) of the neck was done, which was normal and a core needle biopsy of the oral swelling was performed which showed metastatic carcinomatous deposits with pancytokeratin (PAN-CK) positivity, estrogen receptor (ER) positivity, and the Ki-67 value was 10% to 20% which was suggestive of breast carcinoma metastasis. Thereafter, the patient was referred for a surgeon's opinion. A breast examination was then done which revealed a lump in the right breast with a retracted nipple. A core needle biopsy of the lump revealed that it was ER and progesterone receptor (PR) positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2/neu) negative which confirmed the clinical diagnosis of breast cancer.Since the incidence of oral metastatic tumors is low, the likelihood of an early diagnosis of the distant primary tumor is reduced. Hence, all lesions of the oral cavity should be evaluated with due diligence considering the possibility of it being secondary metastases from distant tumors.

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Sigmoid volvulus is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction in the pediatric age group. Rotation of the redundant sigmoid colon about its narrow mesenteric base results in vascular compromise and large bowel obstruction. Predisposing factors for sigmoid volvulus are Hirschsprung’s disease, congenital anomalous fixation of the colon, and chronic constipation. Here, we report two cases of sigmoid volvulus in children with redundant sigmoid colon in the South Indian subcontinent. If it is not diagnosed in time, it may lead to serious complications such as gangrene, perforation, septic shock, and eventually death. Thus, the condition warrants prompt evaluation and treatment.

Abdominal tuberculosis, a form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis is common in developing countries like India. Manifestations of abdominal tuberculosis are widely variable. Its incidence is high among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients in the adult population.Here, we report a 26-year-old male, initially treated in a private clinic for abdominal distention, loss of appetite, and loss of weight for one month. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the abdomen showed a large loculated fluid collection. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest showed signs of pulmonary tuberculosis. The patient was started on anti-tuberculosis therapy (ATT) and discharged. Ten days later, the patient presented to our hospital with foul-smelling pus discharging from the umbilicus and necrosis of the surrounding tissue. Abdominal examination revealed a tense, distended, and tender abdomen. The patient was referred for emergency laparotomy. The intraoperative findings showed features that were a combination of plastic fibrous type and encysted loculated type of peritoneal tuberculosis.The above-mentioned case describes a very uncommon presentation of abdominal tuberculosis. A high degree of suspicion is required for diagnosing such conditions, especially in immunocompromised individuals. The case report also highlights the difficulties in the diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis.