High acid-tolerant AAB contains the high ADH and ALDH activities causing higher ETAs in HIA process. It is a competitive commercialized acetification process.

High temperature acetification (HTA) with additions of CaCl2 was investigated. Significant reductions in the overall production costs result from lower cooling costs associated with HTA.

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In this study, we increased β-glucan production from brewer’s yeast, Saccharomyces carlsbergensis RU01, by using tannic acid. High-pressure freezing and transmission electron microscopy (HPF-TEM) revealed that the yeast cell wall obtained from yeast malt (YM) medium supplemented with 0.1% w/v tannic acid was thicker than that of yeast cultured in YM medium alone. The production of β-glucan from S. carlsbergensis RU01 was optimized in 3% w/v molasses and 0.1% w/v diammonium sulfate (MDS) medium supplemented with 0.1% w/v tannic acid. The results showed that MDS medium supplemented with 0.1% w/v tannic acid significantly increased the dry cell weight (DCW), and the β-glucan production was 0.28±0.01% w/v and 11.99±0.04% w/w. Tannic acid enhanced the β-glucan content by up to 42.23%. β-Glucan production in the stirred tank reactor (STR) was 1.4-fold higher than that in the shake flask (SF) culture. Analysis of the β-glucan composition by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed that the β-glucan of S. carlsbergensis RU01 cultured in MDS medium supplemented with 0.1% w/v tannic acid had a higher proportion of polysaccharide than that of the control. In addition, β-glucans from brewer’s yeast can be used as prebiotic and functional foods for human health and in animal feed.

The present work proposes the adsorption of methyl violet (MV) from two solution systems including single MV and binary MV-Cu2+systems by activated carbon (AC) prepared from tamarind seeds in a batch system. Parameters including contact time, solution pH, adsorbent dose, and initial dye concentration were studied. The morphology of the AC was determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed the maximum adsorption of MV dye onto the AC at a contact time of 60 min, solution pH of 9.0 and adsorbent dose of 0.2 and 0.5 g for the single and binary solution systems, respectively. The presence of copper ions in binary solution system decreased the adsorption efficiency of MV dye onto the AC. The equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms.