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In this work, a self-consistent model has been used to estimate the effective secondary electron emission coefficient (γE) of the cathode in typical abnormal dc glow discharge conditions. Using this model, the value of γE has been obtained for tungsten (W), copper (Cu), and stainless steel (SS304) cathode samples for argon (Ar) and nitrogen (N2) discharges. The γE for W is lower than the Cu cathode under identical operating conditions. The results show possible dependence of γE on the Fermi energy of the cathode material since it influences the probability of electron to be emitted by the incident ion. In addition to this, we found, significant contribution of cathode directed species other than ion to γE. Further, the effect of pressure on γE for the N2 discharge has been investigated in the pressure range of 0.5 mbar to 2.0 mbar and its value increases from 0.38 to 0.47 with pressure for the SS304 cathode. The knowledge of γE successfully explains the governing processes in abnormal glow discharge plasma that cannot be explained by the value of the ion induced secondary electron emission coefficient γi. The measurement of the γE value of the cathode material in typical abnormal glow discharge plasma conditions presents possibilities of exciting advancement in various applications by accurate estimation of discharge characteristics including flux of species, fraction of power carried by ions and electrons, plasma density, discharge current density, etc.

We present direct evidence for the existence of self-organized critical behavior in cold plasma. A multiple anodic double layer structure generated in a double discharge plasma setup shows critical behavior for the anode bias above a threshold value. Analysis of the floating potential fluctuations reveals the existence of long-range time correlations and power law behavior in the tail of the probability distribution function of the fluctuations. The measured Hurst exponent and the power law tail in the rank function are strong indication of the self-organized critical behavior of the system and hence provide a condition under which complexities arise in cold plasma.

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In this work, the concept of plasma–metal junction (pm-junction) is presented, in addition to well established physics of pn-junction, metal–semiconductor junction, semiconductor–insulator junction, etc. We demonstrate experimentally the dependence of I-V characteristics on work function of the metal for a pm-junction. The experiment is done using tungsten (W) and stainless steel (SS) having different work functions (Φm) of 4.55 eV and 4.30 eV, respectively. The W and SS planar metal probes of identical geometry were exposed to plasma simultaneously, making two distinct pm-junctions. The plasma exposed is identical for both the metals, and therefore, the difference observed in the I-V characteristics of these two pm-junctions is attributed only to the difference in an energy-band diagram of these junctions, owing to respective work function. The proposed concept of the pm-junction may simplify the complex plasma–material interactions in all laboratory plasmas, including cold glow discharges to hot fusion plasmas.