Chiral molecules are stereoselective with regard to specific biological functions. Enantiomers differ considerably in their physiological reactions with the human body. Safeguarding the quality and safety of drugs requires an efficient analytical platform by which to selectively probe chiral compounds to ensure the extraction of single enantiomers. Asymmetric synthesis is a mature approach to the production of single enantiomers; however, it is poorly suited to mass production and allows for only specific enantioselective reactions. Furthermore, it is too expensive and time-consuming for the evaluation of therapeutic drugs in the early stages of development. These limitations have prompted the development of surface-modified nanoparticles using amino acids, chiral organic ligands, or functional groups as chiral selectors applicable to a racemic mixture of chiral molecules. The fact that these combinations can be optimized in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and enantioselectivity makes them ideal for enantiomeric recognition and separation. In chiral resolution, molecules bond selectively to particle surfaces according to homochiral interactions, whereupon an enantiopure compound is extracted from the solution through a simple filtration process. In this review article, we discuss the fabrication of chiral nanoparticles and look at the ways their distinctive surface properties have been adopted in enantiomeric recognition and separation.

An electrode material based on polypyrrole (PPy) doped with graphene oxide (GO) sheets was synthesized via in situ polymerization of pyrrole in the presence of GO in various proportions (5% and 10%). The synthesized samples were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and electrical conductivity measurements. FTIR spectroscopy and XRD revealed the interaction between GO and PPy. The direct-current (DC) electrical conductivity (75.8 S/cm) of the prepared composites was dramatically enhanced compared with pure PPy (1.18 S/cm). High specific capacitance of PPy/GO composite of 421.4 F/g was obtained in the potential range from 0 V to 0.50 V at 2 mA compared with 237.2 F/g for pure PPy by galvanostatic charge-discharge analysis. Incorporation of GO into the PPy matrix has a pronounced effect on the electrical conductivity and electrochemical capacitance performance of PPy/GO nanocomposites.

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