A comprehensive investigation was carried out under laboratory and field by ZnO, P and TiO2 NPs on seedling growth and antioxidant activity, nutrient accumulation, yield traits and biochemical response of spinach beet. Spinach beet variety All Green were treated with sixteen different concentrations nanoscale ZnO (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 ppm), P (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 ppm) and TiO2 (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 ppm) including untreated control and each treatment has three replicates. TiO2 NPs treatments found drastic positive impact on seed germination, root and shoot length, seed vigour index and antioxidant enzyme activity (CAT, PAD, SOD and GR). Application of ZnO, P and TiO2 NPs improve morphological parameter and that of increase seed yield (gm plant-1) with 12.48% 13.01% and 10.93% respectively, compared to control. Study also revealed that zinc and iron content in leaf tissues increases by 50.76%, 7.71%, and 6.41% and 12.69%, 18.49% and 14.17%, respectively of ZnO, P and TiO2 NPs NPs. Among the biochemical parameter maximum chlorophyll content obtained from 10 ppm TiO2, leaf protein and carotene from 50 ppm P, ascorbic acid from 40 ppm TiO2, crude fibre from 20 ppm ZnO and total phenol from 30 ppm TiO2. Our result clearly demonstrates that application of ZnO, P and TiO2 NPs improve the antioxidant enzyme activity, yield and nutritional quality of spinach beet and these nanoparticles can be utilized with their effective doses which may reduce fertilizer cost and environmental pollution.
