Indoor air quality is associated with academic performance and harmful health effects on students and teachers who participate in the classroom. Outdoor sources always contribute to classroom air quality. This study aims to estimate the amounts of indoor and outdoor pollutants and the influence of outdoor sources on open-air classrooms in a school located in the city. A health risk assessment was applied to assess the non-carcinogenic risk to students and teachers from exposure to the pollutants in the classroom. The concentrations of indoor NO2 ranged between 46.40 and 77.83 µg/m3, which is about 0.8 times that of outdoor NO2. A strong correlation and a high indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratio (>0.5) without a source, indicated that indoor NO2 is significantly influenced by outdoor sources. The range of indoor PM2.5 concentrations was 1.66 to 31.52 µg/m3 which was influenced by meteorological conditions. The indoor PM2.5 concentrations were affected by both indoor and outdoor sources. Although the level of indoor air pollutants met the official standard, the young children were exposed to indoor air pollutants which were above the recommended limits to human health with regard to the hazard index (HI) of 1.12. Instant measures such as regularly cleaning the classrooms, zoning the students, and installation of solid and vegetation barriers are recommended to reduce the daily dose of pollutants affecting students in open-air classrooms.

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic first impacted Thailand in early 2020. The government imposed lockdown measures from April to May 2020 to control the spread of infection. Daily lifestyles then morphed into a so-called new normal in which activities were conducted at home and people avoided congregation in order to prevent the spread of an infectious disease. This study evaluated the long-term air quality improvement which resulted from the restrictions enforced on normal human activities in Thailand. The air quality index (AQI) of six criteria pollutants and health risk assessments were evaluated in four areas, including metropolitan, suburban, industrial, and tourism areas in Thailand. The results showed that, after the restriction measures, the overall AQI improved by 30%. The subindex of each pollutant (sub-AQI) of most pollutants significantly improved (by 30%) in metropolitan areas after human activities changed due to the implementation of lockdown measures. With regard to industrial and tourism areas, only the sub-AQI of traffic-related pollutants decreased (34%) while the sub-AQIs of other pollutants before and after lockdown were similar. However, the changes in human activities were not clearly related to air quality improvement in the suburban area. The overall hazard index (HI) after lockdown decreased by 23% because of the reduction of traffic-related pollutants. However, the HI value remained above the recommended limits for the health of the adult residents in all areas. Therefore, strict regulations to control other pollutant sources, such as industry and open burning, will also be necessary for air quality improvement in Thailand.

This paper aims to develop web and mobile application and open data platform to facilitate the community researchers use for monitoring the water quality management in Thailand. The paper developed a mobile and web application to collect and represent WQI data. Besides that, this paper elaborated the open data platform for sharing the WQI data to the other public sectors with two formats are people-readable format and machine-readable format. The population of this research is the community researchers who live in the Pakpanang river basin, including in local authorities, volunteers, and academic researchers. This paper also pays attention to the third parties are living in the outside area, which uses the WQI data. The experiment found that the overall user satisfaction whos participate in this project is in a good rank. The top three ranks of the function usage are: the first rank is a monthly report of the WQI data function. The second rank is a sending the WQI data by the volunteer function, and a calculating the WQI data by the academic researcher function. Finally, The third rank is open data usage function. Also, the measurement station increased from twenty to twenty-two stations. The volunteers expanded from the local authorities, volunteers, and academic researchers to students and teachers. For the future, this paper tries to apply a minimisation method for optimising The WQI parameters and also classify the proper parameters for each measurement station.

Metal contamination in seafood may cause adverse effects on human health. The objectives of this study were to determine the concentrations of cadmium and mercury in seafood from the coastal area of Nai Thung sub-district, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand, and to evaluate the potential health risk of seafood consumption. A total of 46 samples (including 26 species of fish and shellfish) were caught in March and July 2018. Results indicated that the concentrations of metals in seafood samples were within the standards established for human consumption. However, cadmium concentrations in most shellfish samples were higher than the fish samples, and mercury in fish was higher than other marine organisms. The health risk assessment (HRA) of cadmium and mercury in seafood consumption was between 0.0004 - 0.07 and 0.001 - 0.035, respectively. The results showed that seafood from Nai Thung was unlikely to affect human health.

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