Two new 10-membered lactones, namely, multiplolides A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the broth extract of the fungus Xylaria multiplex BCC 1111. Chemical structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated on the basis of their spectral data. Multiplolides A (1) and B (2) exhibited antifungal activity against Candida albicans with IC(50) values of 7 and 2 microg/mL, respectively. Both 1 and 2 were inactive in the screening systems toward the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum (at 20 microg/mL) and were not cytotoxic to BC-1 and KB cell lines (at 20 microg/mL).

Eleven new secondary metabolites (1-11), together with two known flavanones (12 and 13) and five known bibenzyls (14-18), were isolated from the root extract of Bauhinia purpurea. New compounds include eight dihydrodibenzoxepins (1-8), a dihydrobenzofuran (9), a novel spirochromane-2,1'-hexenedione (10), and a new bibenzyl (11). Antimycobacterial, antimalarial, antifungal, cytotoxic, and anti-inflammatory activities of the isolated compounds are reported, and biosynthetic pathways of these compounds are also discussed.

Bioassay-guided fractionation of the cell extract of the insect pathogenic fungus Aschersonia tubulata BCC 1785 led to the isolation of dustanin (1), 3 beta,15 alpha,22-trihydroxyhopane (3), 5 alpha,8 alpha-epidioxy-24(R)-methylcholesta-6,22-diene-3 beta-ol (6), together with the new 3 beta-acetoxy-15 alpha,22-dihydroxyhopane (4). Chemical structures of these compounds were elucidated by spectral analyses as well as chemical transformation. Compounds 1 and 4 exhibited antimycobacterial activity with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 12.5 micrograms/ml.