Background: Low Back pain (LBP) in both developed and developing countries is the most prevalent occupation-related problem. 60%-80% of the general population at some time in their lives suffers from LBP. The existing evidence on Allied Health professions suggests that prosthetists/orthotists are likely to be at risk of low back pain development which has not been explored. Feet disorders and deformities are among the possible causes of LBP that have been introduced. It seems that there is a link between foot deformity and spinal performance in terms of the principles of biomechanics. Proper treatment with customized foot orthosis is more effective for improving low back pain symptoms than treatment with standard treatment methods. Aims and Objectives: The present study evaluates the effect of customized foot insoles in reducing the pain and energy expenditure among prosthetics and orthotics professionals with mechanical low back pain. Methodology: 30 prosthetics and orthotics professionals of age 25-35 years with mechanical low back pain and flat feet participated in the study which was a pre-test post-test experimental study design. LBP was evaluated by a Visual Analog Scale. The energy expenditure was evaluated using physiological cost index. Pre-test data of pain and energy expenditure was recorded without intervention. Then the customized foot insoles were given to the subjects for the duration of 4 weeks and post-test data of pain and energy was collected. Results: The results showed a significant improvement in low back pain (mean ± SD =6.16 ± 0.94 to 5.03 ± 0.76, p= .000), and in the energy expenditure (mean ± SD = 0.08 ±0.02 to 0.06 ±0.02, p= 0.000). Conclusion: This study provides evidence that customized foot insoles reduce pain and energy consumption among prosthetics and orthotics professionals with low back pain and flat feet. Key words: Mechanical low back pain, flat feet, energy consumption, prosthetics and orthotics professionals, customized foot insoles.

Cerebral Palsy is a non-progressive neurological disorder in which children may experience similar physical limitations, including those related to upper limb skills that affect the child's ability to participate in age-specific activities. The use of hand-splints in children with neurological conditions is little reported, they continue to be widely used to improve upper limb skills and functional activities. This review was done to investigate the use and effects of hand splints in Cerebral Palsy patient as orthotic treatment found to be very positive result in correcting and maintaining the achieved results. Electronic database search was conducted using Google scholar, Science direct, Pub Med, Cochrane Library and reference lists from all retrieved articles. Common problems in upper limb due to CP are flexion contractures of the fingers and wrist due to spasticity, pronation deformity of the forearm, thumb-in-palm deformity and hand-related disabilities, all lead to decrease in grip and muscle strength. Hand splints are often used to help a weak or ineffective joint or muscle to enhance a person's arm or hand posture, mobility, quality of motion, and function. The findings suggest that children with CP experience increased grip strength and fine motor dexterity when using different hand splints. This review summarizes the present state of understanding the extent to which orthotic management in CP can improve in the patient’s skills and functional activities by improving the muscle strength and hand function, also offers clinical suggestions for prescribing orthosis in order to optimize efficacy.

<p class="abstract">The Cheneau brace is the most commonly used rigid thoracolumbosacral orthosis in Europe. It is designed to de-rotate the apical segment of the curve and provide 3D correction of the spinal deformity. In terms of brace application outcomes, the Cheneau brace has been shown to prevent curve progression and decrease axial rotation. The objectives of the Cheneau brace are to achieve a three-dimensional correction of the scoliotic deformity, focusing on the sagittal plane as well as the coronal and transverse planes. This literature review aims to review the impact of Cheneau brace on usage and compliance in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and reference lists from all retrieved papers were used to conduct an electronic database search. The Cheneau brace may be beneficial in preventing curvature progression in AIS patients. With careful fitting and adjustment of the pads by an experienced Orthotist, the curve should be corrected to the greatest extent possible in the brace. Poor outcomes can also be the result of poor patient management, which can have an impact on compliance. A successful treatment outcome can be achieved with close monitoring of the patient's compliance and in brace correction. According to the literature, the Cheneau brace is an effective treatment for mild to moderate AIS. Starting brace usage at a younger age and taking into account the child's routines and preferences, as well as the treatment plan and prescribed orthosis regimen, can drastically improve compliance.</p>

Background: Plantar fasciitis is a condition in which the plantar fascia becomes inflamed. It causes discomfort and stiffness in the heel and medial arch of the foot, which can interfere with daily activities. Plantar fasciitis is commonly treated with insoles. Patient satisfaction with insoles has been demonstrated to improve symptoms in studies. However, just a few studies have been conducted to determine the effectiveness of using 3 D insoles to treat PF. Aims and Objective: To assess the effectiveness of prefabricated and 3-D insoles on pain and quality of life in patients with plantar fasciitis. Methodology: Twenty subjects with plantar fasciitis were studied. All subjects had previously been prescribed and were using insoles to prevent the extent of pain. The impact of the insoles on pain was assessed by using VAS (visual analog scale) and quality of life was assessed by using American chronic pain association. Result: Higher pain scores and reduced quality of life were recorded with prefabricated insoles when compared to customized 3 D insoles. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the efficacy of customized 3D printing insoles for reducing pain, improving quality of life and comfort in individuals with plantar fasciitis. In comparison to prefabricated insoles, customized 3D insoles are effective in the treatment of plantar fasciitis. Key words: plantar fasciitis, pain, quality of life, prefabricated insoles, 3D insoles.