Aim: To determine the association between hyperglycaemia and clinical outcome in children admitted to a tertiary care medical centre Methods: A retrospective observational study was carried out on pediatric patients admitted to a tertiary care medical centre. A total of 160 cases were included. The details were recorded and the prevalence of hyperglycaemia and its association with clinical outcome was analysed. Results: A total of 120 patients (75%) had an admission blood glucose ≤ 120 mg/dl [(mean 97 ± 1 mg/dl (± SEM)], 31 children (19.3%) had an admission blood glucose level between 121–179 mg/dl (mean 151 ± 2 mg/dl), and 9 patients (5.6%) had a blood glucose level ≥ 180 mg/dl (mean 270 ± 14 mg/dl). Children with hyperglycemia were more likely to be admitted to the ICU (p<0.001) and had a longer length of ICU stay (p<0.001), but admission hyperglycemia was not associated with longer hospital stay or higher hospital mortality. Conclusion: Hyperglycemia is present in one-fourth of children admitted to the hospital, most of them without a history of diabetes prior to admission. There was no in-hospital mortality but however there was a greater need for ICU care and longer ICU stay in hyperglycemic patients. Keywords: Hyperglycemia, children, paediatrics, mortality, hospital stay

Objective: To study the association of portal vein thrombosis in umbilical vein catheterized neonates. Study design: Prospective study. Subjects: Neonates in NICU with umbilical vein catheterization. Methods: Doppler ultrasound was performed for all neonates within 24-48 hours of catheter insertion, followed by 48-72 hours after its removal and weekly until hospital discharge or clot resolution. Diagnosis of Portal vein thrombosis was made, its extent, location and size was noted. Result: 30 newborns were screened for portal vein thrombosis. Among them, 17 (57.2%) babies had clinical sepsis, 14(46.7%) had blood transfusion and 7 (23.3%) had calcium infusion through the umbilical vein. Portal vein thrombosis was observed in 3 out of 30 babies (10%). 2 babies had the umbilical tip in inferior vena cava and one baby had in main portal vein. Color Doppler revealed, two babies had partial non-occlusive thrombus in the left portal vein and one baby had in the main portal vein. On follow up, the thrombus of all the babies had resolved by 1-2 weeks. All the 3(100%) neonates with thrombosis received calcium infusion through the umbilical vein and its association was found to be statistically significant with a P Value of 0.086. Conclusions: Calcium transfusion through umbilical vein catheterization is associated with term portal vein thrombosis, though most of them are clinically silent and resolve spontaneously. Ultrasound can be used as effective tool in early detection of the thrombus and hence as a guide for catheter removal. Keywords: Newborns, Portal vein thrombosis, Umbilical vein catheterization