In twin pregnancies, usually the delivery of both the babies occur together with a difference of few minutes. However, in very rare situations the first fetus gets aborted during second trimester and the cervix gets reformed. In such rare situations after the abortion (vaginal expulsion) of the first fetus, prolonging pregnancy is a real challenge. The risks of haemorrhage, chorioamnionitis, coagulopathies and immediate abortion of the second fetus are very high. In such event, if the pregnancy is prolonged, preterm delivery of the second twin within next few weeks is very common.We report a case of diamniotic, dichorionic pregnancy achieved through In Vitro Fertilisation (I.V.F.) in a 43 years old woman who also had diabetes mellitus. This patient had spontaneous onset of uterine contractions and leaking which resulted into expulsion of the first fetus at 17 weeks of gestation. The placenta of the first fetus and intact gestational sac of the other twin, were left in utero.The management included vigilant maternal monitoring, use of tocolytics antibiotics and delayed cervical cerclage. The pregnancy was prolonged for 115 days. The patient required caesarean section at 34 weeks for the development of severe pre-eclampsia and delivered a healthy male baby of 2.1 kg who required a brief stay of twelve days in NICU. Placentas of both the fetuses were removed during caesarean section. This case is exceptional and there are no validated medical protocols for the management; the scientific evidence is still controversial.Our care supports the prolongation of the pregnancy of the second twin with high medical vigilance.

The Carcinoma of cervix is commonly seen in fifth decade of life though it is initiated almost 8 to 10 years earlier. This is a crucial period with wide span in which if we act appropriately, we can avoid the disease or cure it completely. There are many screening methods which have different sensitivity and specificity. This study is intended to search out suitable and easy method of cervical carcinoma screening. Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the patients having white discharge or other genitourinary complaints by cytology, colposcopy and histopathology. 2) To find the individual efficacy of cytology, colposcopy in correlation with histopathology and combined correlation of these modalities. Materials and methods: Following study was conducted on 100 patients coming to Gynaecology OPD with gynaecological complaints after obtaining consent. Results: In present study, the positive predictive value (PPV) of cytology as well as colposcopy was high for detection of malignancy than benign lesions and LSIL. The negative predictive value of cytology for CIN 3 was high (95.92%) as compared to CIN 1(81.63%). Specificity was found low in colposcopy for CIN1 (95.06%) as compared to PAP smear (98.77%). Conclusion:Cytology and colposcopy combined can become a better method for screening in perspective of high sentivity, specificity and positive predictive value.

Weil's disease in pregnancy is an uncommon entity. It is a severe form of leptospirosis with the presence of jaundice and renal damage. Leptospirosis is a major zoonotic disease and human infection results from accidental contact with the environment contaminated with the urine of the carrier. The infection ranges from a mild flu like illness to a serious, sometimes fatal disease. Infection in pregnancy may be grave leading to maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality unless treated early. Moreover in pregnancy, the presentation may mimic other viral, bacterial and parasitic infections, Acute Fatty Liver in Pregnancy (AFLP), Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH) and HELLP (Hemolysis, Elevated Liver Enzymes, Low Platelet) syndrome and owing to this unusual presentation, leptospirosis is often misdiagnosed and underreported.

Introduction: Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 , there has been a continuous research to find out whether the babies born to the affected mothers are infected with Covid-19. Even though, the transmission of this virus has not yet been established by transplacental route, the babies born to covid-positive mothers often show complications like Intra Uterine Growth Restriction (I.U.G.R.) and related problems. Placenta is the most important organ interposed between the mother and fetus and is vital for the fetal health. There are very few studies in the literature about the microscopic functional assessment of the placenta in mothers recovered from Covid-19 infection. Present study is designed to evaluate the biophysical barrier of the syncytium and villous vascularity in the placentas of in such mothers by using Immuno Histo Chemistry (I.H.C.) and histopathology techniques. The microscopic findings are correlated with the perinatal outcome. Aims and Objective:To study the Immuno Histo Chemistry and histopathology of the syncytium and villous vascularity in the placentas of the mothers, recovered from covid-19.To study the correlation of these specific findings with the perinatal outcome. Materials and Methods:Present study was undertaken after getting approval by our Institutional Ethics Committee. The study duration was from Jan 2021 to May 2021. 16 pregnant women who recovered from the proven Covid-19 infection during second trimester by positive RT-PCR test were selected after obtaining informed consent. 15 patients had mild symptoms while one had severe form of Covid-19 infection who required ventilatory support for 5 days. She had intrauterine fetal demise during 30 th week of gestation. Age and parity matched 16 patients were selected as controls.The mothers having hypertension, diabetes and antepartum hemorrhage were excluded. Placentas were collected immediately after removal, washed in tap water and were preserved in 10% formal saline. Each placenta was cut into three sections, each of 1 cm thickness, from 3 areas starting form cord attachment to periphery. The tissues were processed and stained by H&E stain as well as using CD 34 antibody. The slides were examined with light microscope under 10X objective. The number of capillaries per villus was counted in 10 villi in 3 random fields of each slide. Integrity of the syncytium around each villus was also recorded. Perinatal outcome in terms of APGAR score and I.U.G.R. was noted in each case. Data was compared using unpaired t-test with the help of SPSS software version 21.