Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are an emerging therapy that has revolutionized the management of certain cancers. Data on long-term side effects of these drugs are now showing a risk for development of new endocrinopathies. In this case report, a patient with new Type I diabetes (DMI) is discussed. The patient is a 67 year old male with past medical history of metastatic renal cell carcinoma with multiple recurrences of disease. A brief review of the patient's oncologic history revealed multiple surgeries, including complete nephrectomy, multiple drugs, including ICIs, and radiation therapy. Over the course of his treatment, he received Nivolumab (anti-PD1 agent) for 5 cycles with HbA1c increased from 5.4% to 6.9% from pre-treatment to post-treatment, but the HbA1c improved to 5.8% one year after drug cessation. Later he was started on Pembrolizumab (anti-PD1) and has had 10 cycles of therapy to date. Random blood glucose frequently exceeded 200 after start of pembrolizumab therapy. Ipilimumab (anti CTLA-4) was started in combination with pembrolizumab six months later, but it was held after the second cycle due to development of diabetes with HbA1c of 11.1%. He was also found to have persistent, severe hyperglycemia noted during routine bloodwork. Autoimmune DM was confirmed with a positive glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GAD65) of 8 nmol/L. Consequently, the patient had multiple hospital admissions for glucose exceeding 400. His condition was exacerbated by the fact that he had difficulty coming to terms with his diagnosis, and he was noncompliant with medication. At that time, the patient stated that he had not done anything wrong and did not understand why this had happened to him. He was resistant to starting therapy and had difficulty understanding insulin dosing, blood glucose monitoring, and the consequences of hyperglycemia/hypoglycemia. After extensive education during a 2 week hospitalization, the patient was eventually place on an appropriate dose of basal-bolus insulin therapy and is currently doing well. It is important to note some emerging challenges to treating this new population of patients with DM1 due to ICI therapy. Firstly, many patients in this scenario live alone and have poor support systems. They have difficulty learning new technology (glucometer, insulin pen, etc.) and self adjusting medication (sliding scale). Older patients can also be more resistance to change in diet and lifestyle. They may have pre-existing insulin resistance that makes initial insulin dosage difficult. Finally, noncompliance is dangerous due to risk of hypoglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, and exacerbation of other comorbidities. Clinicians should also consider the patient's psychosocial ability to understand and manage this condition. Presentation: No date and time listed

No abstract