Background: The genus Enterococcus is of increasing significance as a cause of nosocomial infections and this trend is exacerbated by the development of antibiotic resistance.Objective: The aims of this study was to find out the susceptibility pattern and the prevalence of virulence genes in Enterococcus strains isolated from urinary tract infection in Bangladesh.Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology at Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from January 2015 to December 2015 for a period of one (01) years. All the admitted patients in the Dhaka Medical College & Hospital, Dhaka and Banghabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka who were  presented with clinical features of urinary tract infection at any age with both sexes were included as study population. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the strains was determined using the disk diffusion method; vancomycin susceptibility pattern was detected by MIC method. PCR was performed for the detection of genus-species, vanA, vanB gene and potential virulence genes.Result: Out of 84 Enterococci, majority (71.42%) of the isolates were E. faecalis followed by 23.81% were E. faecium. Regarding antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, 100% isolated Enterococci were sensitive to vancomycin, linezolid and teicoplanin. Most of the Enterococci were resistant to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone (92.86%) followed by 88.10% to gentamicin and 85.71% to azithromycin and rifampicin. No VRE was identified and the range of MIC for vancomycin was 1-4 µg/ml. None of the Enterococci was positive for vanA and vanB genes. Out of total E. faecalis and E. faecium, 87.50% were positive for ebp and 77.5%, 72.5%, 55.0%, 45.0%, 40.0% and 10.0% of isolates were positive for gelE, esp, ace, cyl, asa and hyl respectively.Conclusion: Almost all the virulence genes were more prevalent in E. faecalis isolates.Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases 2017;4(2):30-34

Background: Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the significant pathogens to cause healthcare-associated infections worldwide. It is difficult to control and the infections caused by it are difficult to treat, because it is multidrug resistant. Objective: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Acinetobacter baumannii at Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh over a 12 months period. Methodology: This retrospective study was carried out over a period of one year from July 2014 to June 2015 in the department of Microbiology at Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolates was performed by the disk diffusion method as recommended by Clinical Laboratory and Standards Institute CLSI. Results: Non duplicate 28 A. baumannii were isolated out of a total 191 pathogenic Gram negative isolates (14.66% prevalence). The most frequently isolated A. baumannii was from ICU patients (75%) followed by inpatients (18%) and outpatients (7%). Most of the isolates were recovered from tracheal aspirates (75%). The resistance rates were higher than most of the internationally reported levels. Cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones and even carbapenems are becoming practically ineffective, where the colistin elicited the highest susceptibility levels. Conclusion: This study has guided the empirical therapy and suggest that surveillance of antimicrobial resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii is necessary. Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, July 2021, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 177-180