Figure 3 shows a phase diagram of Fe-0.2wt%C-0.035wt%P-0.8wt%Mn-0.2wt%Si-0.006wt%N-xAl system calculated from CALPHAD method. 14) We employed the thermodynamic database, PanIron for all the calculations. 15) The horizontal axis is Al concentration. The liquidus temperature does not substantially change with the Al concentration. It should be noticed that the type of steel changes from hyperperitectic to hypoperitectic one at 0.53 wt% Al. When Al concentration is less than 0.53 wt%, the solidus temperature, in other words, T g decreases very slightly with Al concentration. On the other hand, in the range of Al concentration for hypoperitectic steel, d phase is stabilized at lower temperatures by increasing Al concentration, leading to drastic decrease in T g . As mentioned in the introduction, it has been reported that g grains grow rapidly below T g and, therefore, lowering T g leads to finer g grain structure. However, the decrement of T g up to 0.54 wt% Al is quite small. Therefore, the Al addition does not lead to significant change in the g grain structure during slow cooling process, as is consistent with the result of Figs. 1 and 2. In Fig. 3, also, the temperature for formation of AlN phase increases with the increase in Al concentration. However, the AlN phase forms at much lower temperatures than T g in all samples of the present experiments. Hence, it is considered that the AlN phase precipitates from g phase after g grain growth substantially occurs at the high temperature region. In the present SEM/EPMA analysis, AlN particles were rarely detected. Casting ExperimentFigure 4(a) shows the as-cast g grain structure in the sample with 0.04 wt% Al. As described in the Sec. 2, the g grain boundary is decorated with film-like proeutectoid a phase. The bottom of the micrograph corresponds to the mold side, while the top part represents the center of the ingot. It is seen that the columnar grains develop from the mold side to the center of the ingot along the thickness direction, which coincides with the direction of heat flow in the present casting condition, and the equiaxed grains form in the central region. It is noted that very fine columnar grains form between the columnar grain region and the equiaxed grain region. Therefore, this as-cast g grain structure can be characterized by three regions, Coarse Columnar Grain (CCG) region near the mold side, Equiaxed Grain (EG) region in the central region of the ingot, and Fine Columnar Grain (FCG) region in between the CCG and the EG regions.Figure 4(b) shows the d dendrite structure at the same location. The d dendrite structure consists of columnar dendrites developing from the mold side to the inward of the sample and the equiaxed dendrites in the central region. By comparing the as-cast g grain and d dendrite structures (Figs. 4(a) and 4(b)), the CCG and FCG are found to originate from the columnar dendrites. The cooling rates at various positions from the mold side toward the center can be evaluated by the empirical equation, l 2 ϭ710(60Ṫ) Ϫ0.39 , wher...
Fig. 13. The dependency of partition coefficient of P at liquidus temperature, k P , on Al concentration in the samples with different P concentrations obtained from CALPHAD method.
Tujuan_Untuk mengetahui faktor – faktor apa saja yang perlu dipertimbangan dalam penetapan harga. Desain atau metode_Jenis penelitian yang digunakan kualitatif. Metode penelitian yang digunakan deskriptif. Tidak mengunakan teknik sample, teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan mengunakan interview langsung dan wawancara kepada informan owner SKM.CLOTHING. TemuanKesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah ada beberapa faktor yang di pertimbangkan dalam penetapan harga yang di lakukan oleh SKM.CLOTHING. (1). Faktor Biaya Produksi : Faktor ini menghitung berapa biaya yang harus di keluarkan untuk suatu produk. Dari hasil akumulasi biaya ini SKM.CLOTHING bisa menetapkan harga dengan cara : Biaya produksi + keuntungan yang di inginkan dalam (%) = Penetapan harga / harga jual. (2). Faktor Kompetitor/Pesaing : Faktor ini menjadi strategi penetapan harga yang dilakukan oleh SKM.CLOTHING dengan cara harga kompetitor menjadi referensi atau sebagai pembanding bagi harga yang nanti akan ditetapkan oleh SKM.CLOTHING. Strategi yang dilakukan SKM.CLOTHING adalah dengan cara menetapkan harga produk lebih murah dibandingkan dengan harga kompetitor dengan tujuan untuk menarik pelanggan, mendapatkan pelanggan dan pangsa pasar. (3). Faktor Permintaan : Faktor ini mengacu pada jumlah permintaan, kualitas bahan kain yang diminta, desain, kualitas sablon dan waktu pengerjaan. (4). Faktor Tidak Terduga : SKM.CLOTING memasukan faktor tidak terduga karena banyak sekali kasus yang terjadi dimana harga berubah derastis akibat sesuatu hal yang terjadi di pasaran. Berubahnya harga bahan baku, produk tidak laku dipasaran, promosi dan persepsi pelanggan terhadap produk. Implikasi_Penulis mengajukan beberapa saran untuk dijadikan bahan pertimbangan dalam melakukan strategi penetapan harga dan diharapkan bermanfaat bagi SKM.CLOTHING baik untuk masa sekarang dan yang akan datang. Yang pertama harus konsisten terhadap keputusan penetapan harga produk. Kemudian SKM.CLOTHING tidak boleh mengabaikan faktor persaingan, walaupun SKM.CLOTHING yakin akan keungulan produk. SKM.CLOTHING perlu adanya pantauan secara berkelanjutan terhadap harga produk-produk yang ditetapkan oleh pesaing dan melakukan penyesuaian harga. Maka dengan demikian diharapkan harga produk SKM.CLOTHING dapat lebih kompetitif. SKM.CLOTHINGpun harus membina hubungan baik dengan pelanggan dan supplier, agar ketika harga melonjak, negosiasi dengan konsumen dan supplier tidak sulit. Karena SKM.CLOTHING selalu memberi informasi kepada buyer ataupun supplier mengenai faktor-faktor kenaikan harga dan permintaan pasar. Originalitas_Belum ada penelitian sebelumnya yang melakukan analisis strategi penetapan harga SKM.CLOTHING. Tipe Penelitian_Study Empiris
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