International trade has been growing rapidly and requires high competitiveness. Broiler industry is one of the sectors that might be threatened by trade liberalization. This study aims to analyze the competitiveness and government policies impact on the broiler competitiveness in actual and free trade condition. This research was conducted in Bogor and Subang using survey method. The sample consisted of 30 local farmers selected by random sampling and an integrated company selected purposively. Further data is analyzed using Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM). Privat Cost Ratio (PCR) and Domestic Resource Cost Ratio (DRCR) analysis showed that small farm has a competitive advantage, but does not have a comparative advantage. While the production by integrated company has comparative and competitive advantages. The policy analysis indicates that overall policies is protective and give benefit to producers. There are three scenarios that are used to portray free trade: reduction in import tariffs, interest rates, and logistics costs. The implementation of free trade will reduce competitiveness in actual price but increase competitiveness in the undistorted market condition.
Revolusi hijau adalah bentuk nyata bagaimana modernisasi pertanian diartikan oleh pemerintah Indonesia. Sebuah program akselerasi pertanian yang bertujuan meningkatkan efektivitas kerja petani. Keberhasilannya pernah menjadikan Indonesia sebagai negara yang swasembada beras, meskipun begitu modernisasi pertanian ini meninggalkan banyak dosa yang menyebabkan perubahan dalam pola hidup masyarakat tani, baik dari sisi sosial maupun ekonomi. Modernisasi pertanian justru menimbulkan langkah mundur dalam pembangunan pertanian karena kesalahan pemerintah dalam mengartikan modernisasi itu sendiri. Alasan inilah yang kemudian melatarbelakangi penulisan paper ini yang ingin menjelaskan secara detail perubahan sosial ekonomi apa saja yang sebenarnya terjadi karena kesalahan mengartikan modernisasi.Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam menuliskan hasil penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode studi pustaka untuk mendapatkan data-data sekunder. Analisis menggunakan interpretasi peneliti dengan mengacu pada berbagai literatur. Hasilnya adalah banyak terjadi perubahan sosial budaya bahkan hingga ekonomi di struktur kehidupan masyarakat desa. Banyak wanita tani yang kehilangan pekerjaan dan termarginalisasi, tidak ada lagi pembagian kerja berdasarkan gender, kencangnya laju urbanisasi, lambatnya regenerasi, ketergantungan terhadap industri, musnahnya plasma nutfah, hilangnya budaya gotong royong, lahirnya sistem kasta dalam masyarakat tani, melemahnya fungsi kelembagaan lokal, petani hanya sebagai objek penyuluhan, dan banyak lainnya. Oleh karena itu, kedepan modernisasi pertanian harus berbasis pada komunitas tani dan meletakkan perspektif pembangunan pedesaan secara utuh berbasis pendekatan pemberdayaan.
Indonesia is one of the world's tea exporters, but the decline in the volume and value of its exports to date continues to occur. This study aims to 1) analyze the production trend and export volume of Indonesian tea. 2) analyze Indonesian tea competitiveness in the International market compared to other exporter countries (China, India, Kenya, Sri Lanka, and Vietnam). 3) analyze the determining factors of Indonesia's tea export volume to 7 major destination countries (Malaysia, Russia, Pakistan, USA, Germany, Poland, and Australia). The analysis methods used are simple linear regression, Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Trade Specialization Ratio (TSR), and data panel regression. The results showed that the production and volume of Indonesian tea export will decrease every year. Indonesian tea has a very strong comparative competitiveness, but still below India, Kenya, Sri Lanka, and Vietnam. Indonesia tends to be an exporter of tea to the international market at the stage of export expansion. Factors determining the volume of Indonesian export are Indonesian tea production, the population of importer countries, real GDP per capita of importer countries, level of trade openness of importer countries, and importer countries' inflation rate.
<p>Information transfer process in agricultural extension requires strong trust between extension workers and farmers. Agricultural extension workers who are outsiders will deal with challenges in order to entering a farmers’ community familiar with the values and norms they adhere to. If there is no trust between farmers and extension workers, there will be no information exchange, nor any innovation adoption. This paper reviews low mutual trust between farmers and extension workers. To increase trust between farmers and extension workers, it is necessary to improve competence of communicators, to create conducive communication climate, to involve informal actors, and to carry out interpersonal communication. Extension workers must be able act as farmers and so do farmers. Mutual respect process and opportunities provision may improve trust between them. In the future, it is necessary to involve business sector, academics, and the media to improve the competence of extension agents for o improving their credibility.</p><p> </p><p>Abstrak</p><p>Proses transfer informasi dalam penyuluhan pertanian mensyaratkan adanya kepercayaan yang kuat antara penyuluh dan petani. Penyuluh pertanian yang notabene sebagai orang luar akan banyak mendapatkan tantangan ketika masuk ke dalam suatu masyarakat tani yang sudah terbiasa dengan nilai dan norma yang dianutnya. Tidak ada kepercayaan antara petani terhadap penyuluh menyebabkan tidak terjadi proses pertukaran informasi dan tidak akan terjadi proses adopsi inovasi. Tulisan ini merupakan review yang menggunakan data sekunder dari laporan maupun hasil studi untuk mengungkap rendahnya salingpercaya antara petani dan penyuluh. Untuk meningkatkan salingpercaya antara petani dan penyuluh adalah dengan cara meningkatkan kompetensi komunikator, menciptakan iklim komunikasi yang kondusif, melibatkan aktor-aktor informal, dan melakukan komunikasi interpersonal. Perlu adanya kondisi dimana penyuluh bisa memposisikan diri sebagai petani dan sebaliknya. Proses saling menghargai dan memberikan kesempatan inilah yang kemudian bisa memupuk lahirnya kepercayaan di antara keduanya. Ke depan perlu juga campur tangan sektor bisnis, akademisi, dan media untuk meningkatkan kompetensi penyuluh sehingga kredibilitas mereka juga bertambah.</p>
This study aimed to analyze the impact of electronic marketing utilization and to determine the economic determinants to increase the income of small dairy farmers in Boyolali, Central Java, Indonesia. A survey of 80 dairy farmers from the Cepogo District, Boyolali was determined by simple random sampling. The results showed that the average milk production was 8.3 liters/head/day, the revenue of IDR 3,824,000 per month, production costs of IDR 2,105,000 per month, and income of IDR 1,719,000 per month. Furthermore, by using electronics marketing, farmers could sell 40% of their products to coffee shops and generate revenue of IDR 5,411,500, production costs of IDR 2,705,000 and income of IDR 2,706,500. The utilization of the electronic marketing could increase R/C from 2.1 to 2.43. Economic factors that influence income are market prices, transportation and communication costs, marketing costs and distance traveled. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the use of the electronic market can expand the market, increase milk prices and ultimately will increase income
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