The pigeon circovirus (PiCV), first described in the literature in the early 1990s, is considered one of the most important infectious agents affecting pigeon health. Thirty years after its discovery, the current review has employed bibliometric strategies to map the entire accessible PiCV-related research corpus with the aim of understanding its present research landscape, particularly in consideration of its historical context. Subsequently, developments, current knowledge, and important updates were provided. Additionally, this review also provides a textual analysis examining the relationship between PiCV and the young pigeon disease syndrome (YPDS), as described and propagated in the literature. Our examination revealed that usages of the term ‘YPDS’ in the literature are characterizations that are diverse in range, and neither standard nor equivalent. Guided by our understanding of the PiCV research corpus, a conceptualization of PiCV diseases was also presented in this review. Proposed definitions and diagnostic criteria for PiCV subclinical infection (PiCV-SI) and PiCV systemic disease (PiCV-SD) were also provided. Lastly, knowledge gaps and open research questions relevant to future PiCV-related studies were identified and discussed.
El objetivo del estudio fue detectar fenotípicamente los mecanismos de resistencia antimicrobiana de 36 aislados de Escherichia coli a betalactámicos, quinolonas y aminoglucósidos mediante la técnica de Kirby-Bauer. Se utilizaron 36 aislados de E. coli procedentes de porcinos de granjas tecnificadas, obtenidos durante el periodo 2010- 2015. Se utilizaron 15 antimicrobianos de importancia en medicina humana y veterinaria. Se detectó resistencia principalmente al ácido nalidíxico (89%, 32/36), cloxacilina (83%, 30/36) y amoxicilina-ácido clavulánico (69%, 25/36). Solo un 3% (1/36) presentó AmpC inducible, 42% (15/36) evidenció una posible mutación en gyrA y el 14% (5/36) al menos dos posibles mutaciones en gyrA o gyrA+parC. Además, el 33% (12/36) evidenció altas probabilidades de presencia de genes qnr. Las enzimas del mecanismo de resistencia a aminoglucósidos fueron positivas en un 39% (14/36) de AAC (6’), 28% (10/36) ANT (2") y 11% (4/36) de AAC (3) IV.
El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo estandarizar una técnica de PCR en tiempo real con sondas TaqMan para detectar la presencia de leptospiras patógenas en orina de perro infectada in vitro con cepas patrón de Leptospira sp. Las muestras fueron obtenidas de un perro clínicamente sano y negativo a la prueba de microaglutinación. Se utilizaron los cebadores Lepto R y Lepto F, específicos para Leptospira sp y una sonda TaqMan Lepto probe que amplifican e hibridan, respectivamente, una porción del gen rrs, capaces de diferenciar entre especies patógenas y no patógenas de Leptospira. Se estandarizó el protocolo de PCR en 35 ciclos, con un proceso de desnaturalización inicial a 95 °C por 5 min, seguida por una desnaturalización a 95 °C por 15 s y finalmente el alineamiento y extensión en un solo paso a 60 °C por 1 min. Los valores de ciclo umbral (Ct) determinados durante la estandarización de la PCR estuvieron en un rango de 12.53 a 18.21 para las 25 cepas patógenas de Leptospira sp, en tanto que las cepas saprófitas y otros bacterias no dieron productos específicos. El estándar fue detectado hasta una dilución de 102 con un Ct de 29.98 a una eficiencia de 1.13 y con un coeficiente de correlación (R2) de 0.993. Se detectó ADN en las muestras de orina infectada desde la dilución de 107 leptospiras/ml con un valor de Ct de 17.54 hasta una mínima dilución de 102 leptospiras/ml con un valor de Ct de 29.87.
The current study validates a rapid PCR-based detection method and developed at BIOTECH-UPLB in comparison with the traditional AOAC/BAM culture method involving enrichment step and plating in selective media. The kit consisted of reaction tubes containing selected primer set for Salmonella. The protocol includes two-step enrichment period, DNA extraction and amplification of DNA in a thermal cycler followed by gel electrophoresis procedure. Validation of the detection kit was done on both naturally-contaminated processed and artificially-spiked food samples with the assistance of some government and private institutions. Results from 185 non-spiked samples categorized into 14 groups revealed 100% agreement in all the sample categories except with flours, gums and gelatin (90%). This gives specificity value of 1.00 in all food groups except with flours, gums and gelatin (0.86). Of the 459 samples analyzed, perfect agreement was obtained in both high and low inoculum levels in the following food groups/categories: coconut and processed coconut products, dairy products, flours, gums and gelatin and spices. Significant difference (x 2 > 3.84) was observed only for the following food groups/categories with low inoculum: bakery products; egg and egg products; and for both high and low inoculum levels for processed fish and sea foods. The kit has sensitivity of 10 4 cells per mL. Results obtained from the nine collaborating laboratories with 314 total samples analyzed showed agreement values ranging from 81.25% to 100%, with no significant difference between the two methods employed. The kit can be recommended for food products found in this study to be compatible with Salmonella DAS TM kit and result can be obtained within 26-28 h. The PCR-based kit produced definite results without any confirmatory tests and is relatively easy to use over the culture method. The shorter analysis time makes the kit ideal for use in food industry.
La pioderma es una de las enfermedades de la piel más diagnosticada en caninostaphylococcus intermedius; sin embargo, en 2005 fue reclasificado en tres especies fenotípicamente similares: S. intermedius, S. pseudintermedius y S. delphini, por lo cual no pueden ser identificadas por bioquímica convencional. Diversos estudios reportan S. pseudintermedius como el agente bacteriano más frecuentemente aislado en piodermas. Por ello, este estudio evaluó la presencia S. pseudintermedius mediante PCR-RFLP en 141 aislados de Staphylococcus sp en el Laboratorio de Bacteriología de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú, provenientes de casos de pioderma canina en el periodo 2016-2018, encontrando que 87.9% de los aislados de Staphylococcus sp han sido identificados como S. pseudintermedius y 12.1% como Staphylococcus sp.
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