This review aimed to synthesise the literature describing interventions to improve resilience among physicians, to evaluate the quality of this research and to outline the type and efficacy of interventions implemented. Searches were conducted in April 2017 using five electronic databases. Reference lists of included studies and existing review papers were screened. English language, peer-reviewed studies evaluating interventions to improve physician resilience were included. Data were extracted on setting, design, participant and intervention characteristics and outcomes. Methodological quality was assessed using the Downs and Black checklist. Twenty-two studies were included. Methodological quality was low to moderate. The most frequently employed interventional strategies were psychosocial skills training and mindfulness training. Effect sizes were heterogeneous. Methodologically rigorous research is required to establish best practice in improving resilience among physicians and to better consider how healthcare settings should be considered within interventions.

Caregivers of older adults provide a wide range of informal supports and services that enable older adults to continue living in the community. This study describes the use of a multicomponent intervention combined with a person-centered approach to assist caregivers of older adults in the community. Four hundred and eighteen caregiver and care recipient dyads participated in this study and their outcomes related to burden, depression, well-being, and care recipient functional status were evaluated. The findings suggest that adult child and spousal caregivers experience burden differently. Programs designed to support caregivers must tailor services to the unique needs of adult child and spousal caregivers.

Objectives: To explore psychological factors associated with emotional eating and obesity in a sample of overweight and obese adults attending a weight management programme. Design: A cross-sectional quantitative research design. Methods: Participants (n = 97) completed the Emotional Eating Subscale of the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire, the Attitude towards Emotional Expression (AEE) scale and the mindful awareness observe subscale of the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills scale. Clinical measures of body mass index (BMI) were also recorded. Results: Regression analyses revealed that AEE was a significant predictor of emotional eating (β = 0.59, p = .000). Control, the belief that emotions should be controlled (β = 0.39, p = .026) and the response to eat to diffuse emotion (β = 0.37, p = .045) were statistically significant predictors of BMI. Mediation analyses revealed that mindful awareness skills had a significant indirect effect on the relationship between AEE and emotional eating. Conclusions: Findings highlight the influence of AEE on emotional eating and body weight, thereby helping to validate recent developments in an affect phobia model of emotional eating. The authors highlight the prevalence of emotional eating in overweight and obese adults. The potential preventative role of mindful awareness skills may be limited. Validation of the model may be a useful framework for the development and implementation of future weight management interventions.

Violent encounters that result in time loss from work or workers' compensation claims may be particularly good benchmarks for tracking workplace violence. Tracking is possible because such events are workplace related, records are available and convenient to study, cases of serious health outcomes are defined already, useful information is available on the occurrence of the event, and individual records are relatively complete. Such records can offer useful impressions about the peculiarities in the frequency of workplace violence in a population.In fiscal year (FY) 1993, 2,185 cases involving fatal and nonfatal human violence were opened and recorded by the Office of Workers' Compensation Programs (OWCP) within the Department of Labor. These cases involved employees in approximately 30 different departments and agencies of the federal government. The highest case rates occurred in the Department of Veterans Affairs, the Department of Justice, and the Department of Transportation. Eleven fatalities were recorded; the highest case fatality rate occurred in the Department of Treasury. Fatalities also occurred in the Department of Labor and the Department of Justice and in the United States Postal Service. Of the total number of cases involving workplace violence, 1,222 cases involved "time lost from work." The highest rates of cases of time lost from work occurred in the Department of Justice and the Department of Veterans Affairs (U.S. Department of Labor, 1993). Preliminary information for FY 1994 shows similar findings. In FY 1994, a total of 7 fatalities occurred in the Departments of the Army, Justice, Treasury, and Labor (US. Department of Labor, 1994). In both years, cases were filed almost equally by sex, although for some occupations one or the other sex predominated.

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