The F.A.R.M.E. TTT resulted in a theory and evidence-based intervention that can be implemented in a school setting to promote knowledge and skill acquisition of first aid and injury prevention among rural high school students.

An international health problem and the leading cause of death and disability among children in the United States are unintentional injuries. Children in rural areas in the United States have the highest death rate related to unintentional injuries regardless of age (Crawley, 1996). Using Haddon's Injury Model as the theoretical framework, the purpose of this study is threefold. First the study describes actual injuries that were sustained by farm children. Second, the research identifies the type of supervision the farm children and adolescents were receiving at the time of the injury, and finally the study examines injury risk in relation to supervision. Descriptive and categorical data analysis methods were used to examine the associations between farm-related injury and supervision type. Out of 177 children living in the home under 18 years of age, 32 children sustained at least one injury and eight sustained two injuries within one year from the time of the survey. The majority of children needed medical attention because of their injuries (n = 37). Children were more likely to sustain farm-related injury when they were supervised by a caregiver engaged in farm work versus supervised at home (p =.007). The findings of this study support Haddon's Injury Model, which suggests injuries occur because of an uncontrolled interaction between a host, an agent, and the environment. Examining the children's role within the framework of Haddon's Injury Model, will assist researchers in designing evidenced-based research that addresses the interaction between the host, agent, and environmental factors. Results from these studies will be useful in identifying effective interventions in the pre-event phase, as well as maximizing quality of life in the postevent phase.

On farms in the United States, there are approximately 100 fatal and 32,800 nonfatal injuries annually in children 19 years and younger (United States Department of Labor, 1999). Up to 40% of nonfatally injured children are left with permanent disabilities. The impact of injury and death on children associated with farming in the United States is substantial. Research suggests that modeling of health behaviors may be an effective technique for the socialization of children's health behaviors. The purpose of this study is twofold. First, the study describes the participation and use of protective farm equipment or practices by the caregiver and the child. The second purpose is to compare the practices of the caregivers and the children in relation to the use of protective farm equipment and practices. Descriptive and categorical data analysis methods were used to examine the associations of 177 pairs of caregivers and children and their use of protective equipment and preventative behaviors. Greater than 50% of the children under the age of 7 had handled or touched livestock, as well as rode as passengers on tractors. Many children in all age categories had ridden in the back of pick-up trucks. Modeling of the prevention behavior by the caregivers did parallel the use of the equipment by the children. However, the opposite also was true; if the caregiver did not use the equipment, neither did the child.

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The purpose of this article is to describe a collaborative effort to redesign a clinical nurse specialist curriculum for distance education among 4 regional state universities in southern Louisiana. The multisite approach was implemented to increase access to educational opportunities in advanced practice nursing for location-bound professional nurses. Course development, challenges to implementation, and success of the redesign are discussed. Additional topics described are online technical requirements and strategies for role socialization through distance learning. Success of the effort included an enhanced ability to recruit students to this specialty area.