This study examined the effectiveness of participation in EnhanceFitness (EF) (formerly the Lifetime Fitness Program), an established community-based group exercise program for older adults. EF incorporated performance and health status measure testing in year 2000. Initial performance was compared to age-and gender-based norms to classify participants as within or at or above normal limits (WNL) or below (BNL). In 2,889 participants who participated in outcomes testing, improvements were observed at 4 and 8 months on performance tests for both subgroups. Participants' self-rating of health improved at 8 months. All participants improved on performance tests. Implementation of performance-based measures in community studies is possible. Challenges included selecting measures, staff training, collecting performance measures, and deciding on time points for data collection. Older adults can maintain and/or improve physical function through participation in EnhanceFitness.

Particle removal during lunar exploration activities is of prime importance for the success of robotic and human exploration of the moon. We report on our efforts to use electrostatic and dielectrophoretic forces to develop a dust removal technology that prevents the accumulation of dust on solar panels and removes dust adhering to those surfaces. Testing of several prototypes showed solar shield output above 90% of the initial potentials after dust clearing.

and HL/OL (omniphilic, all liquids wetting), [ 4 ] have a large number of applications including chemical and biological protection, oil-water separation, stain-resistant textiles, "non-stick" coatings, controlling protein and cell adhesion on surfaces, reduction of biofouling, and enhanced heat transport. However, there is no established technique that allows for selectively generating and patterning all four extreme wettabilities [ 5 ] on a single surface, especially at the length scale necessary for microfl uidic control. In this work, we discuss a facile methodology for the fabrication of surfaces with extreme wettabilities by selectively modifying the surface energy and roughness of different paper surfaces.Paper has recently emerged as a promising materials platform for microfl uidic devices due to its low cost, easy disposal, high surface area, capillary-based wetting, fl exibility, and compatibility with a wide range of patterning and printing techniques. [ 6 ] Since the fi rst report of using paper as a base material in microfl uidics by Whitesides et al. in 2007, [ 7 ] a new era of paper-based microfl uidic devices has arisen. [ 8 ] The ability to pattern wetting/non-wetting channels on paper has allowed multiplexed, small-volume fl uid control both in 2D lateral fl ow on a single surface [ 9 ] and 3D fl ow on stacked layers connected through pores. [ 10 ] Generally, fl uidic channels introduced on paper surfaces are composed of wettable domains bounded by non-wettable domains, or by air gaps. [ 11 ] In most cases, paper-based microfl uidic channels have been developed to contain only water or aqueous solutions. [ 12 ] Few reported techniques used for generating patterned wettability on paper result in devices compatible with even a limited number of non-aqueous liquids. [ 13 ] Further, the wettable channels in the paper-based microfl uidic systems reported thus far show no selective wettability with liquids possessing different surface tensions and/or polarities. In other words, all liquids wet these fl uidic channels. Overall, there is no established technique that allows for the selective generation of all four "extreme wettabilities" [ 5 ] on paper-based microfl uidic channels; that is, the four possible combinations of wetting of oil (oleophilic -OL or oleophobic-OP) and water (hydrophilic-HL and hydrophobic-HP) on a surface. The four extreme wettabilities are: HP/OP (omniphobic, all liquids non-wetting), [ 1 ] HP/OL (water nonwetting, oil wetting), [ 2 ] HL/OP (water wetting, oil

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Under real world conditions, the Health Enhancement Program reaches older people at risk of functional decline. Those enrolled for 1 year experience a reduction in disability risk factors, improvement in health status, no decrements in functional status, and no increase in self-reported healthcare use.