Previous research on the gender gap in mathematics indicates that, in the case of Spain, the gap is stable and has even increased during the last years both in primary and secondary education. The objective of this paper is to analyze whether this gender gap remains by changing the academic level and the way of measuring performance. A sample of 2,713 undergraduate management students (1,478 female and 1,235 male) has been analyzed. The results show that the mathematical level in university entrance is significantly higher in male students, confirming the existence of the aforementioned gap. Nevertheless, throughout the first year of university studies, it has been observed that in most degrees there are no differences between male and female students in terms of their achievement in mathematics. In fact, in those cases in which differences do exist, they occur in the opposite direction, with female students achieving better performance.
The portability of predictive models of academic performance has been widely studied in the field of learning platforms, but there are few studies in which the results of previous evaluations are used as factors. The aim of this work was to analyze portability precisely in this context, where preceding performance is used as a key predictor. Through a study designed to control the main confounding factors, the results of 170 students evaluated over two academic years were analyzed, developing various predictive models for a base group (BG) of 39 students. After the four best models were selected, they were validated using different statistical techniques. Finally, these models were applied to the remaining groups, controlling the number of different factors with respect to the BG. The results show that the models’ performance varies consistently with what was expected: as they move away from the BG (fewer common characteristics), the specificity of the four models tends to decrease.
INTRODUCCIÓN. El objetivo de este trabajo es avanzar en la comprensión de los problemas relacionados con el aprendizaje matemático a nivel universitario, y específicamente en una titulación que desde hace años goza de enorme popularidad en el contexto universitario español: el doble grado en ADE y Derecho. MÉTODO. Trabajando sobre una muestra de 973 estudiantes, en primer lugar, se ha llevado a cabo un análisis clúster para identificar distintos perfiles de alumnos, utilizando como variables sus calificaciones en tres tipos de asignaturas diferentes: materias cuantitativas, de derecho y de carácter general. Posteriormente, y sobre cada uno de los clústers identificados, se han ajustado modelos de regresión a fin de determinar las relaciones entre distintas asignaturas. RESULTADOS. En torno a un 30% de los discentes presentan un fuerte sesgo cualitativo, con perfil muy diferenciado respecto a otros grupos, y que se caracteriza por un rendimiento medio en las materias de corte cuantitativo, y, sin embargo, un desempeño sensiblemente por encima de la media en el resto de las asignaturas. Adicionalmente, en este grupo de estudiantes no parece existir relación en el rendimiento obtenido en distintas asignaturas de matemáticas. DISCUSIÓN. Este resultado apunta a que la aproximación de este grupo de estudiantes a una determinada materia de matemáticas es independiente de lo estudiado con anterioridad, como si no tuviese relación alguna con la asignatura de matemáticas precedente. Además, esta característica es exclusiva de este colectivo, pues en todos los demás alumnos, en torno al 70%, sí existe una fuerte relación. Esto nos lleva a plantear que estos alumnos quizá estén optando por una aproximación memorística a las materias cuantitativas.
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