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RACHEL FAVERZANI MAGNAGO, Dra. | UNISUL GUILHERME DOMINGOS GARCIA | UNISUL DIEGO VALDEVINO MARQUES | UNISUL IZOÉ DAYSI PEDROSO | UNISUL KÊNIA ALEXANDRA COSTA HERMANN | UNISUL NATHAN ROBERTO LOHN PEREIRA | UNISUL SIMONE PERRONI MAZON | UNISUL SUSANA CLAUDETE COSTA | UFSC RESUMO A borra de café é um resíduo de biomassa que geralmente se tem desprezado o seu valor energético, mas acessível para a conversão em combustível. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as propriedades de cinco espécimes produzidas com borra de café (passado e/ou expresso), com e sem casca de arroz, e com casca de batata inglesa. A casca de batata foi moída com 70 mL de água, misturada com outros resíduos de biomassas e aquecidos por 15 min, após moldagem permaneceram em estufa por 48 h a 50° C. Para todos os espécimes foram determinados teor de umidade, teor de cinza, poder calorífico superior (PCS) e inferior (PCI), resistência mecânica e monitorado a cor da fumaça. Os valores de PCS e PCI foram entre 15,45-17,02 MJ/Kg e 13,99-15,67 MJ/Kg, respectivamente. A fumaça liberada durante a queima foi branca (Ringilmann 2-3) e apresentaram resistência mecânica adequada para manipulação, transporte e armazenamento. Os combustíveis sólidos apresentados mostram-se capazes de desempenhar satisfatoriamente a substituição das fontes caloríficas tradicionais, comparando-se inclusive aos tradicionais briquetes de carvão e lenha. ABSTRACTCoffee grounds are a biomass residue that has generally been neglected its energy value, but accessible for conversion info fuel. The objective of this work was to evaluate the properties of five specimens produced with coffee grounds (past and/or espresso), with and without rice husk, and with yellow potato peel. The potato peel was ground with 70 mL of water, mixed with other biomass residues and heated for 15 m, after molding they remained in the oven for 48 h at 50° C. For all specimens were determined moisture content, ash content, upper and lower heating values (UHV and LHV), mechanical resistance and monitored the color of the smoke. The UHV and LHV values were between 15,02 MJ/Kg and 13,67 MJ/Kg, respectively. The smoke released during burning was White (Ringilmann 2-3) and showed adequate mechanical strength for handling transport and storage. The solid fuels shown are able to perform satisfactorily the substitution of the traditional heat sources, comparing even to the traditional coal and wood briquettes.

Biomass, such as mandarin peels and rice husks, are among the most abundant and accessible sources for the conversion of crops into solid biofuel. It is important to highlight that sustainable bioenergy must have high efficiency; therefore, the heating values of biofuel samples produced from rice husks, mandarin peels, corn starch, glycerol, citric acid and acetic acid have been evaluated in the present study. The total moisture content, ash content and heating values of the sixteen biofuels produced were determined. The compressive strength was also determined and it was found that all the samples presented maximum resistance, appropriate for the storage and handling of the developed solid biofuel. Replacing rice husks with mandarin peels resulted in a reduction of the silica mass in the ash content. In addition, in four specimens, the amounts of nutrients (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) and heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cd, Pb, Cr and Al) found in the ash were measured. It was found that the amount of nutrients increased proportionally with the quantity of mandarin peels in the solid biofuel. The solid biofuel with a higher quantity of mandarin peels showed greater high and low heating values, which were 19.18 MJ.kg -1 and 17.92 MJ.kg -1 , respectively. All the developed biofuels were shown to be capable of replacing traditional heat sources, such as firewood (7.12-10.47 MJ.kg -1 ).

O crescimento populacional e o aumento da densidade demográfica bem como o efeito das mudanças climáticas e os eventos climatológicos vem aumentando a vulnerabilidade das comunidades e elevando a discussão sobre resiliência nas cidades, principalmente as comunidades que vivem em áreas de risco. Diante disso, foram analisados os dados de desastres naturais dos grupos climatológico, geológico, hidrológico, meteorológico e biológico que atingiram o estado de Santa Catarina de 1998 a 2019. A análise incluiu informações de níveis de incidência de ENSO. Inicialmente foi identificado que os desastres naturais no estado de Santa Catarina ocorrem devido à hidrologia e meteorologia típica da região, sendo que foram decorrentes principalmente de acúmulos de chuva e adensamentos populacionais mais volumosos. O histórico de desastres naturais contribui no monitoramento para visualização das consequências no Estado, e contribuí com informação e conscientização da população, para prevenir e preparar a população para enfrentamento de desastres naturais.

Biomaterials are important tools for the reconstruction of organs and tissues, and silica is widely used in these reconstruction technologies. Hence, a lexical and content analysis was carried out on articles on application of silica in biomaterials, based on a search in the Capes’ Journals Portal using the keywords “silica, biomedical, application, scaffold”, between the years 2009 and 2019. The 110 selected articles were analyzed using the IRaMuTeQ software, Word Cloud and Descending Hierarchical Classification (DHC). The words: “silica, cell, nanosilica, bone, material, scaffold and application” appear prominently in the Word Cloud and DHC indicating four classes: (1) physical characterization, (2) biomedicine applications, (3) engineering applications and (4) compatibility characterization. Thus, the analysis of DHC and Word Cloud showed that the main ways of using silica are: mesoporous silica nanoparticles, amorphous silica, silica-based materials, nanofibers and silica hybrids, and the main biomaterials developed are scaffolds, grafts, aerogels, hydrogels, membranes and drug delivery systems.