Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. GC is a heterogeneous disease and the endpoint of a long multistep process largely influenced by Helicobacter pylori infection, genetic susceptibility, and environmental factors. In a subset of GC cases, infection with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) may also be involved. The development of GC is the consequence of the accumulation of multiple epi/genetic changes during the patient's lifetime that will result in oncogenic activation and/or tumor suppressor pathways' inactivation.This review will focus on the most recent updates on the characterization of the molecular phenotypes of sporadic and hereditary GC. This article will also update the most recent findings on the relationship between H. pylori infection and stem cells at the origin of GC.The understanding of the molecular genetics underlying gastric carcinogenesis is of paramount importance to identify novel potential targets for the development of screening and prognostic markers that can be clinically valuable for the management of GC patients and for the design of clinical trials. Molecular Profiles Associated with Infectious Agents Involved in Gastric CancerHelicobacter pylori infection causes chronic gastric inflammation and is the major triggering factor for gastric cancer (GC). Although chronic inflammation is widely regarded as a cancer-predisposing condition, whether the H. pylori-inflamed gastric mucosa already harbors mutations in GC driver genes is largely unknown. Shimizu et al. identified by whole-exome sequencing somatic mutations occurring in various genes in GC tissues as well as in the non-neoplastic gastric mucosa infected with H. pylori [1]. The majority of the mutations detected in the non-neoplastic mucosa had no predicted influence on cell behavior, suggesting that most of them were passenger mutations. Deep-sequencing analyses permitted detection of nonsynonymous low-abundance mutations in TP53, ARID1A, and MLL2 in GC, and in TP53 (4; 66.7%) and ARID1A (1; 16.7%) in H. pylori-associated gastritis. The mutations observed in non-neoplastic gastric mucosa and in GC were mostly C:G>T:A transitions accumulating in GpCpX motifs, which are a characteristic of activationinduced cytidine deaminase (AID)-mediated deamination. This mutation profile was also detected in TP53 in the AID-expressing gastric mucosa of the human TP53 knock-in mouse model, suggesting that AID may contribute to promoting mutation accumulation and GC development in H. pylori-infected patients.Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is observed in a subset of GC cases which was estimated to be 9.2% in 2010 [2]. The role of EBV in cell transformation in epithelial malignancies is complex and multifactorial in nature and has recently been reviewed [3,4]. Posttranscriptional host gene regulation by EBV miRNAs has been studied by who comprehensively profiled the expression of all known EBV miRNAs in EBV-positive GC patients. In silico analysis showed the targets ...

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Background: The septate uterus is the most common congenital uterine anomaly, and hysteroscopy is the gold standard for diagnosing it. The goal of this meta-analysis is to perform a pooled analysis of the diagnostic performance of two-dimensional transvaginal ultrasonography, two-dimensional transvaginal sonohysterography, three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound, and three-dimensional transvaginal sonohysterography for the diagnosis of the septate uterus. Methods: Studies published between 1990 and 2022 were searched in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. From 897 citations, we selected eighteen studies to include in this meta-analysis. Results: The mean prevalence of uterine septum in this meta-analysis was 27.8%. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were 83% and 99% for two-dimensional transvaginal ultrasonography (ten studies), 94% and 100% for two-dimensional transvaginal sonohysterography (eight studies), and 98% and 100% for three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound (seven articles), respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of three-dimensional transvaginal sonohysterography was only described in two studies, and we did not calculate the pooled sensitivity and specificity for this method. Conclusion: Three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound has the best performance capacity for the diagnosis of the septate uterus.

Post-partum hemorrhage is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality and it’s etiology needs to be identified in order for adequate treatment to be provided. We report a case of a post-partum hemorrhage in a multiparous woman treated with selective coil packing embolization after identification of laceration of the right uterine artery’s ascending branch. The patient was admitted to an intensive care unit in hemorrhagic hypovolemic shock and disseminated intravascular coagulation and underwent total hysterectomy due to infectious complications.