Infección por virus C oculto en hepatopatías criptogenéticas Sr. Director: Desde que Brechot y colaboradores publicaron la primera serie de pacientes con Hepatitis B crónica sin hallazgo del antige-no de superficie en el suero (1) se ha venido hablando de virus B "oculto". Nosotros hemos colaborado en un trabajo de reciente publica-ción (2) en el que se ha estudiado una serie de 100 pacientes con alteración persistente de aminotransferasas y/o gamma-glutamil-transpeptidasa que no podía ser achacada a ninguna de las etiolo-gías habituales, incluyendo la negatividad de los marcadores virales (RNA-HVC, DNA-HVB) y en los que en cambio se encontró, en el 57%, por hibridación in situ, la presencia del RNA-HVC del genotipo lb en el tejido hepático y con una activi-dad necroinflamatoria y fibrótica superior a la histología de los pacientes sin RNA-HVC intrahepático. La reflexión, como clínico, que estos hallazgos implican me han hecho sumarizar las posibles consecuencias del mismo. Primero, en cuanto al diagnóstico, este hallazgo hecha por tie-rra la aseveración de que la ausencia en el plasma de marcadores del virus C (preferentemente el RNAHVC) elimina el diagnósti-co de Hepatopatía Crónica por virus C y, áun recogiendo los datos de mayor potencial necróticroinflamatorio y de fibrosis, desconocemos su evolución futura que precisará de seguimiento de estos pacientes. En cuanto a posibilidad de contagio, no tenemos aún el con-vencimiento de que el material genómico detectado sea infeccio-so, aunque con copias suficientes para identificar el genotipo 1b. Por otro lado el hecho de que, al menos en nuestra serie, los pacientes presenten elevaciones enzimáticas significativas, elimi-na el peligro de que puedan ser donantes en bancos de sangre, etc., pudiendo igualmente prevenirse posibles contagios parente-rales individuales. El hecho de no conocer aún la evolución específica de estos enfermos con virus C oculto, así como su pertenencia al genotipo Ib y que, únicamente por hibridación in situ de una nueva biopsia tras el tratamiento, pueda juzgarse de la eficacia del mismo, implican que, de momento, sólo deban emprenderse seguimien-tos y tratamientos muy controlados. A. Pérez Mota Servicio de Aparato Digestivo. Hospital Virgen de la Torre. Madrid 1. Bréchot C, Thiers V, Kremsdorf D, Nalpas B, Pol S, Paterlini-Bréchot P. Persistent hepatitis B virus infection in subjects without hepatitis B surface antigen: clinically significant or purely "occult"?. Hepatology 2001; 34: 194-203. 2. El hepatocarcinoma es el tumor primario maligno hepático más frecuente. Una de sus manifestaciones clínicas es la produc-ción de síndromes paraneoplásicos. Entre los más frecuentes se encuentran la poliglobulia, la hipercalcemia, la hipoglucemia y la hiperlipidemia. De forma más rara, se han descrito reacciones leucemoides secundarias a hepatocarcinoma (1-3). El primer caso fue descrito por Ranke y cols. (1) en 1965. Tras realizar una bús-queda bibliográfica en Medline desde 1966-2002 existen escasos artículos publicados referentes a dicho tema y...
HCV-Co protein inhibits IFN-alpha-induced transcription of antiviral genes by decreasing binding of ISGF3 to the ISRE.
TT virus (TTV) is an unenveloped, single-stranded, circular-DNA virus which resembles members of the Circoviridae, that is commonly found in humans and which lacks pathological consequences for the infected host. TTV replication has been demonstrated in bone marrow cells but not in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), suggesting that hematopoietic cells must be activated to support TTV replication. To test this hypothesis, PBMC from two naturally TTV-infected individuals and from two healthy TTV-DNA negative donors infected in vitro with a TTV-DNA-positive serum were cultured in the presence (stimulated) or absence (unstimulated) of phytohemagglutinin, lipopolysaccharide, and interleukin-2. TTV-DNA was detected in both stimulated and unstimulated PBMC. However, TTV-DNA replicative intermediates and mRNA were detected only in stimulated PBMC. Furthermore, TTV-DNA and mRNA were detected in PBMC from two TTV negative donors reinfected with supernatants from TTV-infected stimulated cells but not when using culture supernatants from unstimulated cells. These results demonstrate that TTV replicates in PBMC only when stimulated.
The influenza A virus genome consists of 8 negative-stranded RNA segments. NS1 is a nonstructural protein that participates in different steps of the virus infectious cycle, including transcription, replication, and morphogenesis, and acts as a virulence factor. Human Staufen1 (hStau1), a protein involved in the transport and regulated translation of cellular mRNAs, was previously identified as a NS1-interacting factor. To investigate the possible role of hStau1 in the influenza virus infection, we characterized the composition of hStau1-containing granules isolated from virus-infected cells. Viral NS1 protein and ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) were identified in these complexes by Western blotting, and viral mRNAs and viral RNAs (vRNAs) were detected by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. Also, colocalization of hStau1 with NS1, nucleoprotein (NP), and PA in the cytosol of virus-infected cells was shown by immunofluorescence. To analyze the role of hStau1 in the infection, we downregulated its expression by gene silencing. Human HEK293T cells or A549 cells were silenced using either short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) or small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting four independent sites in the hStau1 mRNA. The yield of influenza virus was reduced 5 to 10 times in the various hStau1-silenced cells compared to that in control silenced cells. The expression levels of viral proteins and their nucleocytoplasmic localization were not affected upon hStau1 silencing, but virus particle production, as determined by purification of virions from supernatants, was reduced. These results indicate a role for hStau1 in late events of the influenza virus infection, possibly during virus morphogenesis.
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