RESUMENLa desigualdad espacial de ingresos en los países de América Latina es un tema que ha despertado un reciente interés académico. En particular, Chile se destaca mundialmente por sus elevadas tasas de desigualdad espacial e individual. En este artículo se analiza la desigualdad espacial de ingresos en Chile durante 1992-2011 evaluando el papel de la localización espacial del capital humano (o spatial labor sorting). Los resultados confirman que el capital humano no se distribuye aleatoriamente en el espacio sino que su concentración en los grandes centros urbanos afecta significativamente en la desigualdad de ingresos entre comunas. Estos resultados motivan al análisis sobre la dimensión espacial de la desigualdad de ingresos y sugiere políticas de equidad espacial orientadas a reducir la concentración espacial de capital humano avanzado. ABSTRACTThe spatial income inequality in Latin American countries is a recent academic affair. Particularly, the case of Chile highlights around the world because it has one of the highest individual and spatial inequality rates. This article analyzes the spatial income inequality in Chile during 1992-2011 evaluating the role of the spatial labor sorting through multilevel models. The findings show that human capital doesn't allocate randomly across the space, but its spatial concentration at the biggest urban centers impacts significantly the income inequality between counties. These findings motivate the discussion about spatial dimension of the inequality and suggest that policymakers should consider ways to spread human capital throughout the nation as an alternative to reduce spatial inequality.
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