Roche Pharma and Lundbeck.

No abstract

Effenberger. S. and Einig. W. 1994. Carbon allocation in developing spruce needles. Enzymes and intermediates of sucrose metabolism. -Physiol. Plant. 90: 299-306. In lyophilized needles of Norway spruce {Picea abies [L.] Karsten) and starting from bud break, we determined enzyme activities (sucrose phosphate synthase [SPS: EC 2.4.1.14). sucrose synthase [SS: EC 2.4.1.13]. acid invertase [AI: EC 3.2.1.26]) and intermediates (starch, sucrose, glucose, fructose: fructose 6-phosphate, fructose 2,6bisphosphate [F26BP1) of carbohydrate metabolism together with needle weight, shoot length, chlorophyll and protein.For up to 110 days after bud break, samples were taken twice a week from about 25-year-old trees under field conditions. At least three periods can be distinguished during needle maturation. During the first period (up to 45 days after bud break) Al showed the highest escractable activity. This coincided with terj high levels of F26BP (up to II pmoi [mg dry weight] ') and a transient increase of starch in parallel to a decrease of sucrose. The interval between 45 and 70 days after bud break was characterized by high SS activity (ratio of fructose/glucose >11, much decreased le\els of F26BP (down to below 1 pmol [mg dr> weight] '). and a pronounced increase in the dry w-eight/fresh weighl ratio. In parallel, starch declined and soluble carbohydrates increa.sed. Finally, needle maturation was characterized by decreasing SS and continuously increasing SPS acti\ities, so that the ratio of SPS/SS increased more than 6-fold. ,\l. however did not decline with maturation. Changes in poo) siz.es of metabolites and enzyme acti\'iiies (AI, SPSi are consisteni with current concepts on sink/.source transition. SS is obviously important with regard to the synthesis of structural polysaccharides.

Intensive mechanical oral hygiene resulted in greater plaque reduction than the combination of an antibacterial rinse and usual oral hygiene procedures. Gingivitis was reduced by both intensive oral hygiene and use of the amine/stannous fluoride rinse. Combining intensive mechanical oral hygiene with the antibacterial rinse did not result in further gingivitis reduction.

Our data do not support a significant effect of LEV on relapse prevention in patients with alcohol dependence during the first 16 weeks of abstinence.