This article investigates the prevalence of two forms of income poverty among older adults in Finland and Sweden from a gendered perspective. It examines differences in both objective and subjective (i.e. experienced) income poverty between older women and men, and asks to what extent the gender variable can explain these differences after controlling for the impact of other variables, such as education. The analysis is based on data from the Gerda 2010 survey, and covers 65-, 70-, 75-and 80-year-olds living in Ö sterbotten, Finland and Västerbotten, Sweden. The results show a stronger prevalence of both objective and subjective income poverty among older women compared to that of men, and this systematic difference remains significant after controlling for other variables, although a mediating effect upon this association can be detected from variables such as health or education. As a whole, the results suggest that these two Nordic countries, despite their egalitarian welfare states and redistributive pension systems, may face a problem of gendered injustice in old age.
This study aims to access and explore tendencies in the conceptualization of age discrimination and the perceived attitudes towards older people in regions of Finland and Sweden. The analysis draws on GERDA survey data (GErontological Regional DAtabase), a repeated cross-sectional study in which data was collected in 2005 and 2010. The results indicate that the conceptions of age discrimination are changing in a positive direction, which is contrary to results shown in the Eurobarometer. On the basis of balance coefficients we show that conceived attitudes towards older people are changing as well, except for individuals in some subgroups. We discuss the role of political rhetoric in relation to ageing awareness, the (non)individualization of society and the negotiation of age relations as tentative interpretations that strongly challenge the observed empirical tendencies.
Begreppet egenmakt, översatt från det engelska ordet empowerment, bottnar i individers och kollektivs möjligheter och förmåga att påverka sin omgivning i frågor som upplevs som viktiga. Egenmakt kan betraktas som en metod eller som ettmedel, men det kan också utgöra ett mål i sig självt. Välbefinnande är i sin tur nära kopplat till tillfredsställelse med livet, välmåga och välfärd. Genom denna granskning strävar vi efter att generera en tvärvetenskaplig syn på de två närliggande, men ändå distinkta begreppen egenmakt och välbefinnande. Vår avsikt är att visapå begreppens betydelse i en interdisciplinär kontext, där både de hälso- och samhällsvetenskapliga förståelserna av de båda begreppen kan fördjupas genom interdisciplinär förståelse. Granskningen utmynnar i en referensram som syftar till att belysa hur de olika begreppen eegenmakt och välbefinnande sammanhänger, samt hur några av de resursfaktorer som ofta lyfts fram i anslutning till de båda termerna samverkar med begreppen.
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