IF-AT immediate feedback assessment technique iRAT individual readiness assurance test MCQ multiple choice question MEQ modified essay question PBL problem-based learning RAT readiness assurance tests TBL team-based learning tRAT team readiness assurance test 4 S's principle Significant, Same, Specific, Simultaneous Rationale and Objectives: Team-based learning (TBL) is a student-centred, teacher-directed instructional method that promotes active learning. The application phase of TBL stimulates group discussion and critical thinking, which could be useful for learning radiology. We designed and evaluated two modified TBL-sessions on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging diagnostics in neuroradiology. Our aim was to examine what effects engaging students in in-class team application tasks had on student learning. Materials and Methods: A cross-over study was conducted, including 105 third-year medical students using two modified TBL sessions as the active learning intervention compared with two traditional lectures as a control. Student learning was assessed by results on the neuroradiology part of the endof-year written examination. Student engagement and perceptions were assessed using the Student Self-Report of Engagement Measure and an additional four Likert-type items. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in student scores on the examination. Students reported high levels of engagement, and reported being more satisfied overall with the TBL sessions than traditional lectures. Students rated the TBL sessions higher than lectures on ability to make difficult material comprehensible, ability to engage students and to give them feedback. Conclusion: The modified TBL sessions halved in-class teaching time and by omitting the readiness assurance tests, there was more in-class time to focus on problem-solving of real clinical cases. Moreover, shorter sessions may ease implementation of TBL in the curriculum and allow for more frequent sessions. Students were more satisfied with eTBL than lectures, and reported high levels of engagement.
Underreporting and nondisclosure of patient injuries remain a problem, despite a mandatory reporting system. Helping physicians and surgeons recognize adverse events, reporting them and discussing them with patients should be a priority for hospitals and medical schools.
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