Background Multimorbidity poses a challenge for high quality primary care provision for nursing care-dependent people with (PWD) and without (PWOD) dementia. Evidence on the association of primary care quality of multimorbid PWD and PWOD with the event of a nursing home admission (NHA) is missing. This study aimed to investigate the contribution of individual quality of primary care for chronic diseases in multimorbid care-dependent PWD and PWOD on the duration of ongoing residence at home before the occurrence of NHA. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study among elderly care-dependent PWD and PWOD in Germany for six combinations of chronic diseases using statutory health insurance claims data (2007–2016). Primary care quality was measured by 21 process and outcome indicators for hypertension, diabetes, depression, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure. The primary outcome was time to NHA after initial onset of care-dependency. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to compare the time-to-event between PWD and PWOD. Results Among 5876 PWD and 12,837 PWOD 5130 NHA occurred. With the highest proportion of NHA for PWD with hypertension and depression and for PWOD with hypertension, diabetes and depression. Average duration until NHA ranged from 6.5 to 8.9 quarters for PWD and from 9.6 to 13.5 quarters for PWOD. Adjusted analyses show consistent associations of the quality of diabetes care with the duration of remaining in one’s own home regardless of the presence of dementia. Process indicators assessing guideline-fidelity are associated with remaining in one’s home longer, while indicators assessing complications, such as emergency inpatient treatment (HR = 2.67, 95% CI 1.99–3.60 PWD; HR = 2.81, 95% CI 2.28–3.47 PWOD) or lower-limb amputation (HR = 3.10, 95% CI 1.78–5.55 PWD; HR = 2.81, 95% CI 1.94–4.08 PWOD) in PWD and PWOD with hypertension and diabetes, increase the risk of NHA. Conclusions The quality of primary care provided to care-dependent multimorbid PWD and POWD, influences the time individuals spend living in their own homes after onset of care-dependency before a NHA. Health care professionals should consider possibilities and barriers of guideline-based, coordinated care for multimorbid care-dependent people. Further research on quality indicator sets that acknowledge the complexity of care for multimorbid elderly populations is needed.

Zusammenfassung Ziel der Studie Ermittlung von Prädiktoren für den Eintritt in ein Pflegeheim mittels einer Sekundärdatenanalyse von Krankenkassen- und Pflegebegutachtungsdaten. Methodik Eine retrospektive Längsschnittanalyse betrachtet den Zeitraum von 2006–2016 unter Verwendung von Routinedaten. Krankenkassen- und Pflegebegutachtungsdaten von im Jahr 2006 pflegebedürftig gewordenen Menschen, die in der eigenen Häuslichkeit lebten, wurden zusammengeführt. Prädiktoren für einen Pflegeheimeintritt wurden auf dieser Basis und mit Hilfe von Cox Regressionsanalysen ermittelt. Ergebnisse Die Studienpopulation umfasste 48 892 Menschen. Demenz, Krebserkrankungen des Gehirns, kognitive Einschränkungen, die Verschreibung von Antipsychotika, Frakturen mit Krankenhausaufenthalten, Krankenhausaufenthalte über zehn Tage Länge und höheres Alter wiesen die höchsten Effektstärken unter den Prädiktoren auf. Schlussfolgerung Kenntnisse über die Prädiktoren dienen der Sensibilisierung von Akteuren in der Versorgung pflegebedürftiger Menschen. Sie erleichtern das Erkennen von Unterstützungsbedarf in der eigenen Häuslichkeit bei Menschen, die unter einem erhöhten Risiko eines Heimeintritts stehen.

Background People prefer to age in place and not move into a nursing home as long as possible. The prevention of cognitive and functional impairments is feasible to support this goal. Health services play a key role in providing support for underlying medical conditions. We examined differentials in nursing home admissions between patient sharing networks in Germany and whether potential variations can be attributed to indicators of health care provision. Methods We conducted an ecological study using data of patients of 65 years and above from all 11 AOK statutory health insurance companies in Germany. Nursing home admissions were observed in a cohort of persons becoming initially care-dependent in 2006 (n = 118,213) with a follow-up of up to 10 years. A patient sharing network was constructed and indicators for quality of health care were calculated based on data of up to 6.6 million patients per year. Community detection was applied to gain distinct patient populations. Analyses were conducted descriptively and through regression analyses to identify the variation explained by included quality indicators. Results The difference in the proportion of nursing home admissions between identified clusters shows an interquartile range (IQR) of 12.6% and the average time between onset of care-dependency and admission to a nursing home an IQR of 10,4 quarters. Included quality indicators attributed for 40% of these variations for the proportion of nursing home admissions and 49% for the time until nursing home admission, respectively. Indicators of process quality showed the single highest contribution. Effects of single indicators were inconclusive. Conclusions Health services can support persons in their preference to age in place. Research and discussion on adequate health care for care-dependent persons and on conditions, where nursing home admission may be beneficial, is necessary.

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