ResumenEl objetivo del trabajo reportado es el desarrollo de un algoritmo para el diseño de controladores PI con un enfoque didáctico. El presente trabajo propone un enfoque unificado que guíe al estudiante paso a paso durante el proceso de diseño e implementación de un controlador de esta clase. Si bien, el uso del control PID en la industria está ampliamente extendido, lo cierto es que el proceso de sintonización de las ganancias de este tipo de controladores en el entorno industrial es empírico en la mayoría de las ocasiones. Este artículo vincula de forma natural al diseño del controlador basado en una respuesta temporal deseada con el proceso de asignación de polos, lo cual permite al estudiante diseñar controladores que son fácilmente trasladables a plataformas industriales de control y en lo particular a controladores lógicos programables (PLC, por sus siglas en inglés). Al aplicar el algoritmo, los estudiantes podrán constatar como un diseño analítico puede tener éxito en la implementación práctica, lo cual permitiría en principio desarrollar mayor confianza en el diseño determinístico y realizar conexiones metacognitivas entre lo abstracto y lo real. AbstractThe aim of the work reported is the development of an algorithm for designing PI controllers with a didactic approach. This paper proposes a unified approach to guide the student step by step through the process of design and implementation of a controller in this class. Although PID control use in the industry is widespread, the fact is that the process of tuning the gains of these controllers in the industrial environment is empirical in most occasions. This article links naturally to controller design based on a desired time response with pole assignment process, which allows students to design controllers that are easily transferable to industrial control platforms and in particular programmable logic controllers (PLC , for its acronym in English). In applying the algorithm, students can observe how analytical design can succeed in the practical implementation, which would in principle to develop greater confidence in the design deterministic and metacognitive connections between the abstract and the real.

This article presents an implementation of an adaptive control architecture, which provides the combined advantages of better dynamic performance compared to other conventional industrial controllers, and the use of widely available hardware in process industry. Adaptive control architecture uses proportional-integral action and dynamic computation of the controller's gains (self-tuning regulator), to maintain performance specifications, even in the presence of parametric disturbances. This architecture offers advantages over other advanced embedded control systems implemented on industrial programmable logic controllers and other hardware platforms. Implementation of controllers on industrial hardware platforms is possible through the Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) for process control communication standard. The implementation for an adaptive controller here proposed was evaluated through experiments using firstorder and overdamped second-order systems emulated by hardware-in-the-loop, with a programmable automation controller. Performance of the adaptive controllers was compared to that of conventional proportional-integral controllers, and effectiveness of the former over the latter was demonstrated through the experiments carried out.

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