Background Medical students’ psychological response to societal lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic has not been studied much. Objective To assess levels of anxiety and depression among medical students during initial stages of COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal and relate their distress to relevant variables. Method A cross-sectional study with online questionnaire was conducted among medical students at different colleges in Nepal. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) detected ‘anxiety’ and ‘depression’. The covariates were explored by logistic regression analyses. Result A total 416 medical students [mean age: 22.2 (2.1); males 57.7%, females 42.3%] participated. HADS-anxiety scores [mean: 7.1(4.3)] were significantly and positively correlated with HADS-depression [mean: 5.9 (4.1)] (r=0.695; p < 0.001). Point prevalence of total HADS caseness (HADS-T) was 26.7%. Specific HADS-defined caseness were: anxiety (HADS-A) 11.8%, depression (HADS-D) 5.5%, and comorbid anxiety and depression (HADS-cAD) 9.4%. All four types of caseness were significantly more prevalent among students with a history of mental problems (AOR=4.7, 3.2, 2.6, and 3.2 respectively). HADS-T was higher among those with a concurrent physical illness (AOR=2.4). HADS-T, HADS-A and HADS-D scores were higher among the age group > 22 years (AOR= 2.2, 2.5 and 4.4 respectively). HADS-cAD was almost three times higher among those with a possible COVID-19 exposure (AOR=2.8). Conclusion A significant number of medical students in Nepal suffered from high levels of anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 shut-down. The students in the higher (> 22 years) age group, those with past mental disorders, possible COVID-19 exposure, and concurrent physical illness showed elevated levels of anxiety and/or depression.

Synovial chondromatosis is a rare benign condition characterized by chondral proliferation from synovium forming loose bodies which can occur extra‐articularly and intra‐articularly. Surgical removal remains the mainstay of treatment for synovial chondromatosis. Due to the risk of recurrence, every case must be followed up with an MRI.

Introduction: Anterior cruciate ligament is a commonly injured and reconstructed ligament in the knee. Unlike in urban areas where sports activities and road accidents are common mechanisms of injuries, the semi-urban and rural population has a different mode of injuries, needs, and expectations. This study explores the prevalence of successful outcome of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in by hamstring tendon for anterior cruciate ligament deficit knee at a university hospital. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital from 2018 February to 2020 January among patients having anterior cruciate ligament injuries after ethical approval. Whole sampling technique was used. Functional outcome was assessed with Lysholm scale at the end of at least one year. Data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 11. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated, with frequency and percentage. Results: Out of 66 anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, 35 (59%) cases had successful outcomes. Excellent outcomes were seen in 9 (15%) cases and 26 (44%) had good outcomes. The mean Lysholm score was 84. Conclusions: Anterior cruciate ligament injuries were seen in heterogeneous populations during their activities of daily living or recreational sports activities. Anatomic anterior cruciate ligamentreconstruction with hamstring grafts provided good functional outcomes, especially among the young population. Our findings are similar to current studies on anterior cruciate ligament-reconstruction.