Wide‐bandgap (WBG, ≈1.8 eV) perovskite is a crucial component to pair with narrow‐bandgap perovskite in low‐cost monolithic all‐perovskite tandem solar cells. However, the stability and efficiency of WBG perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are constrained by the light‐induced halide segregation and by the large photovoltage deficit. Here, a steric engineering to obtain high‐quality and photostable WBG perovskites (≈1.8 eV) suitable for all‐perovskite tandems is reported. By alloying dimethylammonium and chloride into the mixed‐cation mixed‐halide perovskites, wide bandgaps are obtained with much lower bromide contents while the lattice strain and trap densities are simultaneously minimized. The WBG PSCs exhibit considerably improved performance and photostability, retaining >90% of their initial efficiencies after 1000 h of operation at maximum power point. With the triple‐cation/triple‐halide WBG perovskites enabled by steric engineering, a stabilized power conversion efficiency of 26.0% in all‐perovskite tandem solar cells is further obtained. The strategy provides an avenue to fabricate efficient and stable WBG subcells for multijunction photovoltaic devices.
Photoluminescence
(PL) of organometal halide perovskite has been
broadly investigated as a fundamental signal to understand the photophysics
of these materials. Complicated PL behaviors have been reported reflecting
complex mechanisms including effects from crystal defects/traps whose
nature still remains unclear. Here in this work we observed, besides
the PL enhancement, a surprising PL decline phenomenon in methylammonium
lead triiodide (CH3NH3PbI3) perovskite
showing a high initial PL intensity followed by a fast decline in
time scale of milliseconds to seconds. The similarity between the
PL enhancement and PL decline suggests both processes are due to PL
quenching traps in the material. Combining experimental and theoretical
results, two interstitial defects of iodide and lead were identified
to be responsible for the PL enhancement and PL decline, respectively.
Both traps can be switched between active and inactive states, leading
to a reversible process of PL enhancement and PL decline. The identification
of the chemical nature of the PL quenching traps is an important
step toward fully understanding the crystals defects in these materials.
A novel approach for enhancing the performance of dye‐sensitized solar cells is presented. It is based on the analysis of five sensitizers by utilizing triarylamine as donor, thiophene benzothiadiazole as chromophore and substituted thienyl linked with cyanoacrylic acid as the anchoring group (LI‐80‐LI‐84). Accompanied with the increasing steric hindrance of the substituents on the thienyl isolation group, the conformation of the dyes, in particular the angle between the chromophore and the anchoring group, becomes more and more twisted. Surprisingly, sensitizers with poorer conjugation effects (the higher twisted conformation) achieve better photovoltaic performances, showing a contrary trend to the traditional donor‐(π‐spacer)‐acceptor dyes with a better co‐planarity. On the basis of the preceding fundamental comprehensions, an empirical method is successfully applied to a new phenyl‐based system (LI‐85 and LI‐86) to improve their performances. The systematical investigation indicates that the twisted structures can contribute to the ECB of the TiO2 film, electron lifetime and resistance at the TiO2/dye/electrolyte interface. Thereby, the efficiency of the initial LI‐80‐based cell has been dramatically improved to 2.45 times higher for LI‐86‐based cell, paving a new way for the design of better sensitizers with higher device performances.
Photoluminescence
(PL) of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskites depends
strongly on sample preparation, atmosphere,
crystal size, and so forth. However, the origin of these dependencies
is always misunderstood because of the co-works of many different
factors. Herein, we prepared hexagonal-shaped single crystals with
tens of micrometers in size and observed a red-shifted PL emission
(800–830 nm) mainly from the crystal edges besides the usual
band-to-band transition (760 nm) from the central regions. Also, significantly
different time-resolved dynamics and excitation power dependencies
were observed. To summarize, we conclude that the red-shifted component
comes from the depth of the crystal, where monomolecular recombination
occurs involving photogenerated charges and unintentional doped charges,
while the normal PL is emitted by bimolecular recombination from the
surface layers. These results showed the significance of pure optical
effects in perovskite crystals and would promote detailed understanding
of the charge dynamics and recombination in perovskite crystalline
materials of different geometries and sizes.
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