Prior studies are lacking on the drivers of sustainable investment. Hence, this study examines the relationship between the social aspects, environmental aspects, economic benefits, market conditions, and corporate governance issues on sustainable investment. Sustainable investment has been rising since the last decade. However, sustainable investment is preceded by ethical investment, green investment, and socially responsible investment. In order to understand the sustainability of an investment before decision-making, it proposed a set of attributes to measure its sustainability using investor’s linguistics preferences. The proposed attributes are interrelated and based on investor’s linguistic preferences. The study employs the fuzzy set theory to handle the uncertainty resulting from the vagueness of linguistic terms and applies decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) to determine the nature of interrelationships among sustainable investment attributes. The result indicates that corporate governance, economic performance, and market risks are the causal aspects of sustainable investment. In addition, this study found that transparency, anti-corruption, and board diversity were the two most important criteria of corporate governance. Furthermore, the three most important criteria of economic performance presented the model were excess return, market value, and shareholder loyalty. The theoretical and practical implications of sustainable investment are discussed.
Research aims: This study focuses on the correlation between tax revenue, investment, and economic growth, taking into account the non-linear effects of tax revenue.Design/Methodology/Approach: Macro data of nine countries in ASEAN (including Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam) in 2000 - 2020 were extracted from the World Bank database. This research employed panel data estimations.Research findings: This study found statistical evidence of a negative effect of tax revenue on economic growth. However, when considering the non-linear effects of tax revenue, the empirical findings showed that higher tax revenue could reduce the disadvantages of tax impacts to boost economic growth. The negative effect of taxes is as obvious as the economic growth theories, but it depends on the taxation revenue. Lower tax revenue may encourage saving and investment, but it also leads to an increased government deficit, reducing economic growth through government debt, spending and investment. Moreover, this study provides consistent evidence of investment’s positive effect on economic growth in ASEAN countries during the research period.Theoretical contribution/Originality: The theoretical contribution provides evidence on the direct effect of tax revenue and investment on economic growth with a broader understanding of the tax’s non-linear effects and investment contributions in the ASEAN. The study confirms the vital role of government activity in regulating the development of the economy through taxation and investment. Practitioner/Policy implication: The severe impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has increased macroeconomic uncertainties, including uncertainty over savings, investment, and spending, potentially leading to tax revenue and investment losses. It, in turn, affects economic activities, so it requires careful consideration. Learned lessons from this study can prepare for future economic shocks and financial crises to reduce negative impacts on economic growth, including their adverse tax revenue effects.Research limitation: This study is limited by looking at the tax revenue ratio overview, which ignores the tax structure due to the lack of data collection. The following studies need to clarify the tax structure of ASEAN countries to determine which tax gives a negative impact/and which tax has a positive effect on economic growth.
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are built on the successes of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which consists of 17 goals as a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity. The assessment of people's awareness and knowledge on SDGs is of paramount importance to support any subsequent actions. The awareness of SDGs is higher compared to the previous agenda MDGs only in particular emerging countries; hence, it requires better progress after more than three years of its establishment. University students, as the agent of changes, are supposed to have a higher level of awareness and knowledge rather than average. When the university students have a better awareness and higher knowledge on SDGs, they can actively contribute to support, promote, and achieve the development goals by making use of their academic background. The objective of this research is to assess the level of awareness and knowledge on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) among university students in Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Data for this research are collected by field Survey and Questionnaire. This research analyzes data by using descriptive statistics and Chi-Square. The results show 89.5% of students are aware and 62.5% of students have high knowledge about SDGs. We found that students' knowledge is only affected by the accessibility of information and students' awareness is related to not only accessibility of information but also gender. Both awareness and knowledge are not affected by students' participation in the organization.
Research aims: The aim of this paper is to examine the effect of four cultural dimensions such as power distance index (PDI), individualism (IDV), uncertainty avoidance index (UAI), and long-term orientation (LTO) on the sustainable investment return in Asian sustainable stock exchanges.Design/Methodology/Approach: Quantitative research method was applied for this research. Monthly sustainable stock indices from seven Asian countries for the period 2015-2019 were considered. This research employed the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression and Feasible Generalized Least Square (FGLS) regression with id and time fixed effect.Research findings: The outcomes of our empirical investigation underlined the fact that: (i) an increase in power distance (PDI) would increase the market returns in the Asian region; (ii) individualism (IDV) had a positive and significant impact on the market returns, and the increase of individualism in the Asian countries would lead to the higher sustainable stock returns; (iii) increase in the uncertainty of avoidance (UAI) by investors in the Asian region would lead to the higher stock returns; (iv) the long term orientation (LTO) had a significant and positive impact on market returns. It showed that if the investor had a long-term orientation on the sustainable stock exchange in the Asian region, it would lead to increased stock returns.Theoretical contribution/Originality: This research's theoretical contribution is to present the causal relations of cultural differences on the sustainable investment return in the Asian region.Practitioner/Policy implication: This research’s implication is to increase the concern of individual investors, portfolio managers, and investment companies regarding the cultural dimension effect on sustainable investment.Research limitation/Implication: The limitations still exist in this research, such as: (1) limited data for sustainable stock indices in the Asian region; (2) this research mainly focused on four cultural dimensions instead of six dimensions in Hofstede's model; (3) the future research should include the control variables and some other financial variables related with the sustainable investment.
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