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The arsenic bound in holocellulose, a precursor of humic substances extracted from organic contaminated sediments, was investigated using XANES (x-ray adsorption near-edge structure) and EXAFS (extended x-ray absorption fine structure) with fluorescence mode. The most abundant arsenic bound in holocellulose was As-O in the first coordination sphere. Sulphur and carbon were also found in a neighbouring coordination shell around arsenic. The arsenic oxidation state was judged to be As (III) by As K edge XANES spectra as a shift to higher absorption edge energy with the increasing formal oxidation state. This arsenic speciation and bounding were well matched with biochemical mechanisms of arsenic absorption into plants.

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