Abstract. As abundant resources, ulin wood residues could be converted into bioenergy through pyrolysis process. To detail analysis, the pyrolyzer reactor was connected to micro GC for online gas analysis. By comparing to other biomass e.g. pinewood and low-grade coal, the ulin wood residues exhibited similar result when the pyrolysis process started around 400 o C. The char product decreased as elevated temperature due to gasification process. Based on the gas analysis, this pyrolysis produced a gas product which predominant composed of CO. The SEM analysis also showed that the pyrolysis treatment resulted in fine char with nanopores particles. Hence, the reactivity of the solid product would be increased significantly. Therefore, the ulin wood residues could be other alternatives as a renewable energy source through pyrolysis process.

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The demand of lithium in the global market is experiencing a significant increase. The electric vehicle era is the driving force of this lithium increase phenomenon. Although the demand of lithium continues to increase every year, the available lithium resources are still not able to meet the demand, so that lithium resources with much greater potential are being considered. The main objective of this study is to extract lithium from a primary resource, geothermal brine, with a practical and environmentally friendly method. Research on the extraction of lithium resources from synthetic geothermal brine with a specific lithium composition using the electrodialysis (ED) method has been carried out. The ED device used is provided with electricity and is operated using temperature variations (30°C and 40°C) and variations in electric voltage (2 V and 4 V). The highest flux is achieved at an operating temperature of 40°C and a power supply voltage of 4 V.

In facing the scarcity of sulfide nickel ore, processing nickel laterite to form nickel pig iron becomes an important issue. Also, Indonesia inherits 10% of nickel laterite in the world, assigning as the third biggest country of nickel laterite possession in the world. Nickel pig iron is one of nickel products involving massive high-grade metallurgical coke consumption that is commonly being used as stainless steels. Consequently, high amount of carbon dioxide is also produced in this process. And so, substituting of the coke using bioreductor material – in this study, Coconut Shell Charcoal – is important. The study is done by conducting several variables. The reductors used were Coconut Shell Charcoal and Anthracite Coal. The process was conducted in 800°C and 1000°C, in a muffle furnace, and between 15 to 240 minutes of reduction time. Results from all reductors show that higher temperature indicates a better reduction process. Moreover, X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRD) analysis data shows that there is no significant difference in the final product between two reductors. By replacing metallurgical coke using bioreductor, the carbon emission in the process can be reduced. Hence, providing a better process and environment to the next generation.

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