Specific activities of anthropogenic radionuclide (137Cs) were studied and determined in 132 surface soil samples collected from 8 districts in Chumphon province in the south of Thailand. A high resolution high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector with a massive lead shield and gamma spectrometry analysis system were employed to measure the gamma ray energy spectra from the samples. The specific activity of 137Cs in all of surface soil samples were analyzed by using the IAEA/SL-2 radioactive standard source. It was found that the specific activities of 137Cs ranged from < 0.33 4.43 Bq/kg with mean values of 2.30 ± 1.38 Bq/kg. The experimental results were also compared with research data in the south of Thailand (2009 2012), Office of Atoms for Peace (OAP) annual report data and global radioactivity measurement and evaluations. The data can be also used to create the radioactive contour maps of the investigated area.