<p>The discrimination suffered by Rohingya Muslims is increasingly blewed up in media in last decade. The peak of the discriminatory treatment against Rohingya Muslim by Myanmar government is the unavailability of shelter from Myanmar government. In the perspective of international law, Myanmar government's actions constitute a serious violence, because it ignores the rights of its citizens. Even a series of massacres and inhumane treatment became a major offense committed by Myanmar government in terms of humanity. This attracted international attention in solving the problem. This article illustrated the fate of Rohingyas who are not given citizenship rights by Myanmar government. It also revealed the irony of Muslims of Rohingya life who are discriminated by the government of Myanmar, both in the practical as well as in the political context.</p><p>Diskriminasi yang diderita oleh Muslim Rohingya semakin mengemuka di media dalam dekade terakhir. Puncak perlakuan diskriminatif terhadap Muslim Rohingya adalah tidak tersedianya tempat tinggal dari pemerintah Myanmar. Dalam perspektif hukum internasional, tindakan pemerintah Myanmar ini merupakan bentuk kekerasan yang serius, karena mengabaikan hak warganya. Selain itu serangkaian pembantaian dan perlakuan tidak manusiawi menjadi pelanggaran besar yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah Myanmar dalam hal kemanusiaan. Hal ini menarik perhatian dunia internasional dalam upaya memberikan solusi atas permasalahan-permasalahan tersebut. Artikel ini selain menggambarkan nasib warga Rohingya yang tidak diberikan hak kewarganegaraan oleh pemerintah Myanmar, juga mengungkap ironi Muslim dari kehidupan Rohingya yang didiskriminasi oleh pemerintah Myanmar, baik dalam praktik maupun dalam konteks politik.</p>

The Buginese and Madurese are well known as fierce sailors and are open-hearted ethnics in Indonesia. It seems that they have their typical characters and identities compared to the other ethnics in Indonesia. Their characters and identities become part of their life, including in economic, social customs or even when they immigrated to a new place. This phenomenology study tried to explain the behavior of Buginese and the people of Madurese who immigrated to Papua. The study also would seek to explore beyond migration of the Bugis and Madurese in Papua. This article was conducted in Papua to assess the patterns of migration and community interaction of Bugis and Madurese with other communities. The study findings revealed that Buginese and Madurese seem similar among others in terms of economic activity, mastery in the field of politics, and social role in the community. Besides, with their capacity, it has a role in religious activities which they always carry out in their environment. By not making it as a mission of deployment religious activities, but rather only to defend their religious understanding in a way that it would be limited just to the internal environment. It seems both the Buginese and Madurese firmly have a connection to the Islamic identity factors that are part of their religious expression.

Respon negara-negara terhadap pandemi global sangatlah beragam. Kebijakan yang diambil pemerintah dan dukungan dari masyarakat sangat menentukan keberhasilan penanganan pandemi tersebut. Ada beberapa negara yang cukup lama berjuang melawannya sehingga memiliki implikasi ekonomi yang serius. Tetapi, ada juga negara yang secara efisien mengatasinya sehingga mampu menghambat melonjaknya jumlah penderita Covid-19 dan  melindungi ekonomi negaranya. Selain Selandia Baru, Taiwan dan China,  Malaysia termasuk salah satu negara yang memiliki kapasitas cukup baik dalam penanganan pandemi Covid-19 dalam bentuk kemampuan menekan penyebaran virus, dan menormalkan kembali perekonomiannya. Artikel ini menjelaskan bagaimana kapasitas negara mampu menjadi modal besar dalam penanganan pandemi di Malaysia. Kapasitas negara yang memadai akan mampu menimbulkan kepercayaan publik sehingga kepercayaan itu dapat menjadi katalisator bagi berhasilnya pelaksanaan kebijakan. Selain kapasitas negara, aspek kepemimpinan di level nasional dan level lokal berperan penting dalam mendukung keberhasilan kebijakan pemerintah. Kepemimpinan yang efektif dapat mendorong suasana kondusif bagi ketaatan masyarakat untuk mentaati kebijakan pemerintah. Ibarat musuh bersama (common enemy), dukungan elemen masyarakat sangat diperlukan bagi keberhasilan melawan penyebaran virus.Kata-kata kunci: Malaysia, kapasitas negara, kepercayaan publikCountries' responses to global pandemic have been mixed. The policies taken by the government and the support of the community will significantly determine the success of handling the pandemic. Several countries have struggled against it for a long time to have profound economic implications, but some countries have efficiently dealt with it to prevent the increasing number of Covid-19 sufferers and protect the country's economy. Apart from New Zealand, Taiwan and China, Malaysia is one of the countries that have adequate capacity to handle the Covid-19 pandemic in the form of the ability to suppress the spread of the virus and normalize its economy again. This paper explains how the country's capacity can become a significant capital in handling pandemic in Malaysia. Adequate state capacity will generate public trust so that this trust can be a catalyst for the successful implementation of policies. Apart from the state's capacity, the leadership aspect at the national and local levels plays a vital role in supporting the success of government policies. Effective leadership can encourage a conducive atmosphere for community obedience to comply with government policies. Like a common enemy, the support of social elements is necessary for the success against the spread of the virus.Keywords: Malaysia, state capacity, public trust

The phenomenon of globalization in Nusantara actually was happened for long time ago. There is international trade between Nusantara and some countries in Asia and Europe. The meetings between traders in that era reflected the encounter of different civilizations as well as, that was able to transcend geographical and cultural boundaries. This paper would like to seek for an explanation about the phenomenon of globalization which Nusantara is taking a pivotal role in international trade. There are a lot of goods traded in that time, such as spices as a mainstay product. Important to explore the glory of Nusantara since, regarding modern era, identity must be supported by strong root history through shared memory and experience. Nusantara must be reinvented as a strong provision to strengthen national identity which is increasingly threatened by modernization.

After the change of the new government on last year on 14th General Election in May 2018, Malaysia is facing with a new administration, ideas and form of government after sixty years in the hand of previous government called as the Barisan Nasional (BN). After given the mandate by the Malaysian, the new government under the role of Pakatan Harapan (PH) wanted to ratify the international convention known as International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD) under the United Nation (UN) that promotes states to eliminate all form of discrimination in the government ruling. However, the ratification of ICERD has created major wrath of the Malays and Bumiputras due to inconsistency in certain aspects of special privilege and rights of the Malays and Bumiputras embedded in Article 153 of the Constitutions. ICERD imply negatively to the 'Social Contract', Islam as the national religion of the state and the constitutional monarchy system in Malaysia. This can be sum up as the effort of the Malay to protect its 'Ketuanan Melayu' as their identity. This paper is meant to study the pros and cons of the ICERD towards the people and also to analyze the reactions of the Malays especially towards the ICERD issues.