Aims Estimate the prevalence of symptoms suggestive of overactive bladder (OAB) in women living in the Middle East to describe their demographic characteristics and explore treatment-seeking behavior. Methods Cross-sectional, population-based survey of women aged ≥ 40 years resident in Algeria, Jordan, Lebanon or Egypt. Respondents were recruited using computer-assisted telephone interview over approximately 4 months. Eligible respondents were asked to complete the OAB-V8, a validated questionnaire that explores the extent of bother from the key symptoms of OAB without clinical investigations. In addition, information regarding demographics, comorbidities and treatment behavior was collected, and respondents were stratified by age. Results A total of 2297 eligible women agreed to participate. Mean age was 54 ± 10 years; over half (59.3%) were aged 40–55 years. Overall, 53.8% of eligible women had symptoms suggestive of OAB (Jordan 58.5%; Egypt 57.5%; Algeria 49.9%; Lebanon 49.0%), with over 90% also reporting symptoms of urinary incontinence. Only 13.0% of women with symptoms suggestive of OAB were currently receiving treatment, while most (74.3%) had never been treated; these data were consistent across country and age categories. Among the untreated subgroup, almost half (48.7%) reported they were ‘not bothered by symptoms,’ while 8.4% considered OAB to be ‘part of normal aging’ and 4.7% did not know it was treatable. Conclusion A high prevalence of symptoms suggestive of OAB was observed, and the majority had symptoms of urinary incontinence. Despite the high prevalence, most women had never received treatment. Considering the potential significant impact of OAB symptoms on health, quality of life and productivity, these findings highlight an unmet medical need in the population studied. Strategies to improve treatment-seeking behavior (e.g., through education and tackling the stigma associated with OAB symptoms) may improve the diagnosis, management and health outcomes of women with OAB in the Middle East. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12325-020-01588-4.

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