IntroductionDuring the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 , an increase in temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) was noticed in infected patients. In the present study, we aimed to assess the prevalence of TMDs during COVID-19 infection and to evaluate associated factors. MethodsAn observational cross-sectional online survey was conducted in April and May 2021 in order to estimate the prevalence of TMDs in participants who were previously infected with COVID-19. A multivariable logistic regression model was carried out to explore predicting factors of TMDs during COVID-19 infection. ResultsIn total, the prevalence of TMDs during the COVID-19 infection period among participants was 41.9%. High fever episodes (adjusted odds ratio {aOR}: 3.25), gastro-esophageal reflux (aOR: 2.56), and toothache (aOR: 3.83) during COVID-19 illness were found to be positive predictors of TMDs, while vitamin D deficiency was found to be a negative predictor (aOR: 0.28). ConclusionOur study has highlighted a relatively high prevalence of TMDs in COVID-19-infected patients that may conclude TMDs as a possible COVID-19 symptom. Further studies are warranted to confirm the association between TMDs and COVID-19 infection and thereupon include TMDs among the known symptoms of COVID-19.
Aim: This study evaluated the color aging of two computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) provisional materials of different compositions (polymethyl methacrylate and composite resin) after exposure to thermal aging and immersion in coffee for 3, 6, and 12 intraoral months. Setting and Design: The current in vitro study was conducted from September to December 2021 at the Craniofacial laboratory at the Saint Joseph University in Beirut, Lebanon. Materials and Methods: The shades of 2.0 mm thick, 10.0 mm in diameter disk shaped specimens of VITA CAD Temp ® and Ceramill ® TEMP were measured using the VITA Linearguide 3D MASTER ® and a conversion table to extract the CIE L*a*b* values on a white background ( n = 30). Statistical Analysis Used: The color differences ΔE at 3, 6, and 12 months were calculated and analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA followed by Bonferroni multiple comparisons, univariate analyses, and one sample t tests. Results: The mean ΔE T1/T0 , ΔE T2/T0 , and ΔE T3/T0 values were significantly higher than the cutoff values for acceptability and perceptibility for the VITA CAD Temp ® and the Ceramill ® TEMP groups. In addition, the increase in ΔE overtime was significantly greater in the Ceramill ® TEMP group compared to the VITA CAD Temp ® group. Conclusions: The Ceramill ® TEMP changed color more and faster than the VITA CAD Temp ® . In addition, whether at 3, 6, or 12 months, the color variations of both materials are not only perceptible but also unacceptable compared to the initial shade.
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