Simpsonichtys lopesi n. sp. is described from a temporary pool located in the São Francisco river basin. This species is distinguished from remaining species, except S. adornatus, by the large number of dorsal fin rays, which makes possible a large dorsal fin base length that begins well anterior to the middle of the body, before the vertical line through the pelvic fin. This species differs from S. adornatus by the color pattern of the anal fin, which may have yellow stripes or light dots (vs. small light points), and also by the lower number of dorsal fin rays.
ResumoSimpsonichthys lopesi n. sp. é descrita de uma poça temporária localizada na bacia do rio São Francisco. A espécie distingue-se das demais, exceto S. adornatus, pelo grande número de raios da nadadeira dorsal, o que confere grande comprimento da base dessa nadadeira que se inicia muito antes da metade do corpo, antes da nadadeira pélvica. Difere de S. adonatus pelo padrão de colorido da nadadeira anal, que pode apresentar listras amareladas ou manchas claras (vs. pequenas pintas claras), e também pelo menor número de raios da nadadeira dorsal.
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