Background: Deep venipuncture catheterization is widely used in clinical anesthesia. However, it is worth thinking about how to improve the rate of successful catheter insertion, and relieve patients’ discomfort. This paper aimed to compare the clinical advantages between trocar and steel needle. Methods: Total 503 adult patients were recruited and randomly assigned. The control group was punctured with steel needle, and the experimental group was punctured with trocar needle. Clinical and followed-up information was recorded. Pearson’s chi-squared and spearman test were performed to analyze the correlation between intervention and relative parameters. Univariate logistic regression was performed to verify the odds ratio of trocar needle compared with steel needle. Results: Pearson’s chi-square test and Spearman’s correlation test showed a significant correlation between puncture success, puncture comfort, successful catheter insertion, puncture time, thrombosis, catheter fever, bleeding, infection and interventions (P < .05). Univariate logistic regression showed that there existed better puncture comfort (odds ratio [OR] = 6.548, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.320–9.925, P < .001), higher successful catheter insertion (OR = 6.060, 95% CI: 3.278–11.204, P < .001), shorter puncture time (OR = 0.147, 95% CI: 0.093–0.233, P < .001), lesser thrombosis (OR = 0.194, 95% CI: 0.121–0.312, P < .001), lesser catheter fever (OR = 0.263, 95% CI: 0.158–0.438, P < .001), lesser bleeding (OR = 0.082, 95% CI: 0.045–0.150, P < .001) and lesser infection (OR = 0.340, 95% CI: 0.202–0.571, P < .001) in trocar group compared with steel needle group. Conclusion: Trocar application in deep venipuncture catheterization can improve successful catheter insertion, relieve pain and discomfort of patients, reduce incidence of complications, and provide better security for patients.