Background & Aims-Esophageal adenocarcinomas (EAC) are heterogeneous and often preceded by Barrett's esophagus (BE). Many genomic changes have been associated with development of BE and EAC, but little is known about epigenetic alterations. We performed *

Lobular carcinoma in situ and atypical lobular hyperplasia were first described over 50 years ago. Despite this long incubation period, the biological nature of the lesions remains controversial. They are generally regarded as 'risk indicators' of invasive cancer rather than true precursor lesions. When first described, the 'carcinoma in situ' designation implied radical treatment in the form of a mastectomy. Subsequent observation has shown that the lesions are often multifocal and bilateral. The risk to the woman of developing invasive cancer after a diagnosis of lobular carcinoma in situ is small. Hence, the lesion has increasingly been regarded as a 'hyperplastic' proliferation, which although predicting for subsequent risk of invasive cancer, does not in itself need treatment. In this review, we challenge this view and explore the developments in the understanding of this controversial entity.

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Colonic carcinoma metastasis to the thyroid is rare. Here the authors present the case of an 81-year-old lady who presented with metastatic colonic adenocarcinoma in her thyroid gland. This case is unique as it is the first to demonstrate metastasis from the colon to the thyroid with no other site involvement. The use of cytokeratin immunohistochemical staining is reviewed along with the current perspectives on the concept of skip metastasis.