Background Optimising mental health literacy (MHL) at the individual and population level can be an effective mental health improvement and prevention tool. However, concepts of MHL are largely based on evidence from high-income countries. Little is known about the manifestation and role of MHL in countries where collectivist health and social cultures are dominant. Aim This study aimed to examine the MHL of Indonesian children and young people (CYP) with experience of common mental health problems and their parents. Methods Semi-structured interviews with 40 participants (19 CYP aged 11–15 with experience of common mental health problems and 21 parents) from three areas of Java, Indonesia. Data were analysed using framework analysis, informed by Jorm's 1997 Mental Health Literacy Framework. Results Parents and CYP demonstrated relatively low levels of MHL defined from a conventional perspective. Religiosity and spirituality were salient in participants' accounts, particularly parents, as were narratives about personal responsibility. These beliefs appeared to contribute to a high level of self-blame for mental illness, self-reliance for symptom management, the foregrounding of support from spiritual/traditional healers and a reduced propensity to access professional help. CYP were heavily reliant on family support, but parents often felt they were not best placed to communicate with their children about mental health. Providing trusted, technology-based sources of mental health information were advocated by CYP. Conclusion Robust efforts are needed to improve MHL in low- and middle-income countries drawing on culturally appropriate approaches to reduce stigma and optimise timely, effective help-seeking for CYP. Enhancing parental and family level literacy may be efficacious, especially when combined with mechanisms to facilitate open communication, as may the development of standalone interventions directly developed to reach younger generations. Future research may usefully establish the comparative efficacy and acceptability of these different approaches.

Background and objectives: The prevalence of adolescent conduct disorder (CD) among school in Jakarta is 26,1% leading to high incidence of student brawls. Up until now, there is no structured module for CD intervention that can be done by teacher, thus mindfulness therapy is used in scholl to reduce such incidence. The objective of this study is to asses the effectiveness Learning of self-regulation in mindfulness therapy conducted by school counselor inmitigating their involvement in brawls and other forms of violence. Changes in behaviour and cortisol level are used as indicators of success. Method: subject were randomly assigned into treatment as usual (with school counselors) and into Mindfulness training by counselors supervised by a psychiatrist. Cortisol level was checked before and after treatment. Behavioral changes were reported trough a conduct disorder instrument developed for the study. Outcome data was analized using Chi-square, Odd Risk Ratio calculation, and the General Linear Model Repeated Measures. Results and conclusion: 103 students completed the study (intervention n=53 control n=50) after 8 weeks, showing the effectiveness of Mindfulness therapy by NNT=2, RR=3,40 (2,[4][5]65. The secondary results showed a decrease of anti-social behaviour measured by TCD-AM and a significant decrease of serum cortisol level (p0,00) compared to the control group. Minfulness therapy recomended to manage anti-social behavior in school. Learning of self-regulation in mindfulness therapy resulted in improvement of emotional and behavioral control among adolescent with conduct disorder. Minfulness therapy can be conducted by school counselors after appropiate training. This study is limited among male adolescents with mild and moderate history of conduct disorder. Girls and the experienced severe conduct disorders were not included in study.

Background: Mental distress refers to common mental disorders, such as depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms, and is considered public health problem. It is reported that university students tend to have higher levels of mental distress compared to the general population, especially in medical students.Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the risk factors affecting mental distress among medical students.Methods: A cross-sectional study using a survey was conducted among preclinical medical students at UPN Veteran Jakarta in June 2020. This study used proportional stratified sampling to complete questionnaires including demographic characteristics, adverse childhood experiences (ACE), family APGAR, and self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ-20). Data were analyzed by using logistic regression.Results: Among 138 participants, 36.2% had at least one of ACE, 55.1% of students came from a family with dysfunction, and 36.2% experienced mental distress. In multivariate analyses, some essential factors associated with mental distress are gender (OR=12.059, 95% CI: 2.311,62.916), adverse childhood experiences (OR=3.080, 95% CI: 1.903,4.983), family function (OR=2.733, 95% CI:1.097,6.809), and family structure (OR=0.290, 95% CI: 0.085,0.984).Conclusion: Students who are female, have history of adverse childhood experience, come from family with dysfunction, or non- nuclear family structure are more likely to be screened positive for mental distress. This study recommends an urgency of counselling service availability for medical students and community awareness to build a healthy family environment.

ABSTRAK   Alexithymia ditandai dengan ketidakmampuan dalam mengenali dan mengekpresikan emosi serta pemikiran yang berorientasi eksternal sehingga mereka memiliki hubungan interpersonal yang buruk. Remaja dengan alexithymia cenderung menjadi kecanduan media sosial.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara Alexithymia terhadap kecanduan media sosial pada remaja di Jakarta Selatan. Subjek penelitian adalah remaja yang berusia 13-19 tahun dan tinggal di Jakarta selatan. Pengambilan data menggunakan metode consecutive sampling dan snowball sampling dengan menyebar kuesioner menggunakan link googleform. Jumlah subjek penelitian sebanyak 207 orang (41 = laki-laki, 166 = perempuan). Skala yang digunakan adalah Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) dan Social Media Disorder (SMD). Analisa data menggunakan metode chi-square pada SPSS 25. Hasil penelitian didapatkan 85 orang mengalami alexithymia, 88 mengalami kecanduan dan 62 orang mengalami alexithymia dan kecanduan media sosial. p-value didapatkan 0,000. Hal ini berarti terdapat hubungan antara Alexithymia dengan Kecanduan Media Sosial pada remaja di Jakarta Selatan. Kata Kunci :Alexithymia, Kecanduan Media Sosial, Remaja     ABSTRACT   Alexithymia is characterized by an inability to recognize and express emotions and have external oriented thoughts so that they have poor interpersonal relationships. Teenagers with alexithymial tend to become addicted to social media. This study aims to determine the relationship between Alexithymia towards social media addiction in adolescents in South Jakarta. The research subjects were adolescents aged 13-19 years and lived in south Jakarta. Retrieval of the data was using consecutive sampling and snowball sampling method by distributing questionnaires using the googleform link. The number of research subjects was 207 people (41 = men, 166 = women). The scale was used is the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and Social Media Disorder (SMD). Data analysis using the chi-square method in SPSS 25. The results showed that 85 people had alexithymia, 88 were addicted and 62 people had alexithymia and were addicted to social media. p-value obtained is 0,000. This means that there is a relationship between Alexithymia and Social Media Addiction in adolescents in South Jakarta. Keyword : Adolescents, Alexithymia, Social Media Addiction

Social media is popular in various circles, especially adolescents. Adolescent are the most vulnerable to be affected by technology. The excessive use of social media will make it difficult for adolescents who are addicted to social media. This study aims to adapt and assess the validity and reliability of the Social Media Disorder (SMD) questionnaire in indonesian. The subjects of the study were adolescents aged 13-19 years and living in DKI Jakarta. Data were collected on 21 April - 27 April 2019 using the method of consecutive sampling and snowball sampling with a questionnaire via the Googleform link. The number of research respondents were 30 people, 40% male and 60% female. The data was processed using SPSS 25. The results observed with the value of Cronbach's Alpha = 0.802 and r = 0.481-0.887, which means the Indonesian SMD questionnaire have good validity and reliability.