Interní kardiologická klinika FN Brno 2 Psychiatrická klinika FN Brno 3 Klinika nemocí plicních a tuberkulózy FN Brno 4 Infekční klinika FN Brno 5 Klinika radiologie a nukleární medicíny FN Brno 6 Lékařská fakulta Masarykovy Univerzity Covid-19 je infekční onemocnění, které je způsobené virem SARS -CoV-2 (syndrom těžké respirační tísně koronaviru 2) (1). Celková mortalita je nízká: pod 0,5 %. Úmrtí jsou převážně ve věkové skupině nad 60 let a u pacientů s jiným těžkým chronickým onemocněním. Většina nemocných se uzdraví v průběhu jednoho či dvou týdnů, nicméně u 5-10 % pacientů část symptomů přetrvává týdny a měsíce. Post -covid syndrom je multi -systémové onemocnění s překrývajícími se symptomy a zasahuje jedince bez ohledu na tíži předchozí akutní infekce. Při pohledu na počet postižených v České republice odhadujeme, že během následujících měsíců zde bude nejméně 50 000 postižených vyžadujících pozornost minimálně praktického lékaře, ale patrně i dalších specialistů. K zvládnutí následků pandemie SARS -CoV-2 je nezbytná znalost post--covid syndromu a tvorba účinných doporučení, ideálně založených na důkazech.Klíčová slova: covid-19, SARS -CoV-2, long -covid-19, post -covid-19 syndrom, dispenzární péče. Follow -up care after COVID-19 and its related concernsCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (1). Overall COVID-19-related rates of mortality are low; deaths usually occur in patients older than 60 and those suffering from serious chronic diseases. Most of the patients recover within one or two weeks. However, in approximately 5-10 % of the patients some of the symptoms persist for weeks and months. Post-COVID-19 syndrome is a multisystem disease with overlapping symptoms and may occur even in patients who were relatively mildly affected during the acute phase of the disease. Evaluating the number of patients with or after the novel coronavirus infection in the Czech Republic, it can be estimated that in the next months there will be about 50,000 new patients suffering from long-COVID-19 requiring attention of general practitioners in the least, and, in all probability, also of other medical specialists. A thorough knowledge of the syndrome and efficient ideally evidence-based guidelines have to be formulated to combat the adverse impact of the pandemic.
BACKGROUND In this case report we describe an extremely rare case of cerebral air embolism following transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB). Only a few cases of this rare complication were described previously. Every bronchologist should recognize this severe adverse event. Prompt recognition of this complication is mandatory in order to initiate supportive measures and consider hyperbaric oxygen therapy. CASE SUMMARY In this case report we describe an extremely rare case of cerebral air embolism following TBLB. Only a few cases of this rare complication were described previously. Our patient had an incidental finding of lung tumour and pulmonary emphysema. Cerebral air embolism developed during bronchoscopy procedure, immediately after the third trans-bronchial lung biopsy sample and caused cerebral ischaemia of the right hemisphere and severe left-sided hemiplegia. Despite timely initiation of hyperbaric oxygen therapy hemiplegia didn´t resolve and the patient died several weeks later. Cerebral air embolism is an extremely rare complication of TBLB. This condition should be considered in case the patient remains unresponsive or presents with acute neurological symptoms in the post-intervention period since early recognition, diagnosis and hyperbaric oxygen therapy initiation are key factors determining the patient´s outcome. CONCLUSION Within this report, we conclude that air/gas embolism is an extremely rare complication after TBLB, which should be considered in case the patient remains unresponsive or presents with acute neurological symptoms in the post-intervention period after bronchoscopy. The current gold standard for diagnosis is computed tomography scan of the head. After recognition of this complication we suggest immediate hyperbaric oxygen therapy, if available.
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