The impact of environmental conditions on CIGS device stability must be understood and minimized in order to gain widespread acceptance among users. The stability of CIGS-based PV coatings, cells and modules has been evaluated at Global Solar Energy (GSE) by accelerated and real-time testing. Several failure modes have been identified and addressed. New packaging designs and materials have extended the durability of flexible modules. Glass-based CIGS modules have been found to be especially robust and capable of meeting extended product warranties required for power modules.

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A novel method for determination of semi-macro and macro size distributions of inclusions in steel from samples in ladle, tundish and mould has been developed. The samples are worked and surface treated before inspection. Mainly immersed ultrasonic scanning is performed to determine the semi-macro and macro inclusion content. The LSHR method has been tested in several different steel plants and for different steel grades. It is concluded that new information regarding large inclusions during steelmaking can be obtained using the method.

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