A hypothesis that goats in high body condition (BC) at kidding produce milk with lower free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations than do goats in poor condition was tested. Dry goats were measured for neck height and bodyweight 103 days prepartum, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated as bodyweight/height2, and used as a measure of BC. One-third of the goats with the highest BMI were allocated to the ‘high-BMI’ group, and the remaining two-thirds were allocated to ‘increased-BMI’ and ‘low-BMI’ groups. Until kidding, the high and low BMI groups were offered a low-energy diet, whereas the increased-BMI group was offered a high-energy diet. After parturition, all animals were offered the same diet. The goats that attained high BMI through feeding, but not those with inherent high BMI, mobilised body fat during early lactation, and increased milk yield. Milk FFA concentrations were reduced in multiparous goats, but not in yearling goats that had another genetic status and therefore were less susceptible to high milk-FFA concentrations.

The most common reasons that cause obesity are eating disorders (overeating), genetic predisposition, sedentary lifestyle (lack of exercise), disorders of the endocrine system, and environmental factors. There is evidence of an obvious relationship of high consumption of sugary drinks and weight gain. Since 1990, there has been considerable growth in the number of obese people in the first place associated with the promotion of soft drinks. According to a study in Finnish diabetes prevention average physical activity and change of diet (1200-1800 kcal) of total fat intake with less than 30% saturated fat, including less than 10%, leading to long-term loss of excess weight (within 4 years). Many studies have demonstrated the impossibility of a single template approach to the determination of optimal diets for patients with overweight and obesity which has been shown in various studies on gene polymorphisms are associated with obesity, and their interaction. This article provides an overview of current data on the genetics of obesity covering the main provisions of the study of candidate genes, such as PPARG, FABP2, ADRB 2, ADRB3. The role nutrigenetics in the creation of individual programs of weight control and weight loss. But the question of the direct role of genetic factors in the development of obesity remains controversial, since one can not ignore the impact of environmental factors, such as lifestyle, diet, physical activity, stress, and harmful habits. To understand the mechanism of the relationship between genetic factors, environmental factors, and obesity, one needs to carry out research not only on the population level, but also in certain groups of people (ethnic, racial, age).

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