Эндокринная офтальмопатия (ЭОП) -самосто ятельное заболевание, которое характеризуется про грессирующим иммуномедиаторным воспалением в экстраокулярных мышцах, ретробульбарной клет чатке, слезной железе [3,5]. Особенностью ЭОП является взаимосвязь аутоиммунного поражения тканей орбиты с патологией щитовидной железы, сопровождающейся нарушениями ее функции [3,4]. Аутоагрессия в ретробульбарном пространстве при водит как к утолщению глазодвигательных мышц с возможным нарушением их функции, так и к уве
Эндокринная офтальмопатия (ЭОП) -аутоим-мунное заболевание орбиты, которое характеризует-ся прогрессирующим иммуномедиаторным воспале-нием ретробульбарной клетчатки и экстраокулярных мышц [1]. Особенностью ЭОП является выраженная взаимосвязь аутоиммунного поражения структур орби ты с аналогичными заболеваниями щитовидной железы (диффузный токсический зоб (болезнь Грейвса), аутоиммунный тиреоидит) на фоне нару-шенного тиреоидного статуса [1,2]. При этом в 1,5-18,5% случаев ЭОП возникает на фоне эутиреоид-ного состояния (эутиреоидная ЭОП) [1,3] Эндокринная офтальмопатия (ЭОП) -это прогрессирующее аутоиммунное заболевание, поражающее ретробульбарные мягкие ткани на фоне заболеваний щитовидной железы. Представлена статистическая информация по данному заболе-ванию. В обзоре рассматриваются как общепринятые, так и альтернативные подходы к диагностике разных стадий ЭОП. Дана подробная клиническая симптоматика, основные классификации определения степени тяжести и активности ЭОП, необходимый перечень физикальных и инструментальных обследований. Описана диагностическая ценность ком-пьютерной томографии, магнитно-резонансной томографии, оптической когерентной томографии, Гейдельбергской ретинальной томографии, радиоизотопных исследований, триплексного сканирования магистральных сосудов глаза, метода допплеровского картирования, индоцианин-зеленой ангиографии, а также гистологического исследования био-птатов мягких ретробульбарных тканей при ЭОП. Общепринятые методы диагностики ЭОП имеют свои недостатки. Поэтому в настоящее время перспективным направлением являются иммунологические, биохимические и генетические исследования маркеров активности ЭОП. Особенностями данных методов в диагностике ЭОП являются точность, воз-можность многократного измерения, минимум побочных эффектов, а также относительно низкая стоимость. Отмечена важность дальнейшего изучения ключевых механизмов развития отека, лейкоцитарной инфильтрации с последующим формированием фиброза экстраокулярных мышц и ретробульбарной клетчатки при ЭОП, что, возможно, сможет улуч-шить диагностику в клинически сложных случаях и при начальных стадиях заболевания. Клю че вые сло ва: эндокринная офтальмопатия, глазодвигательные мышцы, ретробульбарная клетчатка, диагностика.Endocrine ophthalmopathy (EOP) is a progressive autoimmune disease that affects soft retrobulbar tissues in thyroid gland diseases. The statistical data on this disease are presented. The review presents both generally accepted and alternative approaches to the diagnosis of EOP different stages. Detailed clinical symptoms, main severity and activity score classifications of EOP, the required list of physical and instrumental examinations are given. We described the diagnostic value of computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, optical coherence tomography, Heidelberg Retina Tomography, radioisotope studies, triplex scanning of the major vessels of the eye, the Doppler mapping method, indocyanine-green angiography, as well as the histological examination of soft retrobulbar tissues biopsy in EOP. Gen...
Background. Endocrine ophthalmopathy (EOP) is an autoimmune orbit disease characterized by soft retrobulbar tissues damage. The level of antibodies to the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHRAbs) is considered as a laboratory marker of EOP activity. Interleukins 17 (IL-17) and 23 (IL-23) play an important role in the pathogenesis of some autoimmune diseases and directly correlate with clinical activity. At present, there is an open question about the role of these cytokines in EOP and their relationship with TSHRAbs. Aims. To assess pathogenetic role of IL-17, IL-23 and TSHRAbs in patients with EOP. Materials and methods. The study included 50 people (100 eyes) at the age of 43 [35; 50] years. Three study groups were formed: 32 patients with moderate severity of EOP (clinical group), 18 patients with thyroid pathology without EOP (comparison group) and 15 healthy subjects (control group). All groups were comparable in age and sex. The diagnosis was verified clinically, laboratory and instrumentally. A comprehensive ophthalmologic examination and blood sampling were performed to determine the concentrations of IL-17, IL-23 and TSHRAbs. Statistical processing of the data was carried out in the program “Statistica 10.0”, StatSoft, Inc. Results. An increase in the level of TSHRAbs was observed in all phases of EOP activity in comparison with both comparison group and control (p < 0.05). But in the active phase TSHRAbs level reached the maximum values in 100% of patients. An increase in the IL-17 concentration in 5,3 times was found in the active EOP in comparison with the control group (p < 0.05). Concentration of TSHRAbs and IL-17 in blood serum directly correlates with EOP activity (p < 0.001). After carrying out pulse therapy with glucocorticosteroids, the consentration of IL-17 decreased almost to zero. There were no significant differences in the level of IL-23 in the groups (p = 0.56). Conclusions. Determination of TSHRAbs and IL-17 levels in serum can be used as a laboratory diagnostic marker of EOP activity.
Aim. The purpose of this work was to study the role of transforming growth factors (TGF-β, FGF-2, VEGF-A) during endocrine ophthalmopathy (EOC). Materials and methods. The study 119 patients with endocrine ophthalmopathy were examined, at the age of 48 [30; 56] years. There were 56 men (47%). The comparison groups were control group (Control) - 20 practically healthy persons, comparison group (Comparison group) - 20 patients with autoimmune pathology of the thyroid gland without EOC. All groups were comparable by sex and age. The object of the study was serum and tear fluid. To quantify the transforming growth factors (TGF-β, FGF-2, VEGF-A) in the blood and tear fluid, the enzyme immunoassay kit was used by Biokhimmak LLC. The severity of the disease was exhibited according to the current classification. The statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out using the program Statistica 6.1. Results. An increase in the concentration of all growth factors in blood serum and tear fluid was found in patients with endocrine ophthalmopathy, compared with a group of healthy individuals. It was noted that in the lacrimal fluid the increase in the concentration of the growth factors studied was associated with the severity of the disease and the activity of the process. The multidirectional dynamics of the content of the vascular endothelial growth factor was established, so the maximum value in the blood serum was determined in patients with mild severity in an inactive form, in the tear the highest rates were recorded in severe form of the active disease. Conclusion. In patients with endocrine ophthalmopathy, the concentration of FGF-2 and TGF-β in the blood serum and tear increased to a greater extent in severe forms of the disease in the active phase. The maximum concentrations of FGF-2 and TGF-β in the serum and tear, VEGF-A in the tear are fixed in the active phase of the severe form of the endocrine ophthalmopathy. The results obtained allow us to regard FGF-2, TGF-β and VEGF-A as biological markers of gravity and endocrine ophthalmopathy activity.
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