The article deals with the big data technologies currently used for environmental monitoring. The processes of accumulation and preservation of super-large data sets, technologies for working with them, and a paradigm shift in science are presented. A predictive function of big data has been identified that allows effective use of this technology in environmental monitoring. A general idea of environmental monitoring as a complex system of observations, assessment and forecast of changes in the environmental state has been formed. The main areas of environmental monitoring are identified. As an example, the activity of collecting, processing and storing big data in the framework of the strategic project “Geographic Information system “Yenisei-Arctic”, implemented by the employees of Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology. The main tasks and results of the project are presented. Among the main results of the project, the formation of a research direction in the field of big data and the involvement of young scientists and students in promising research that can prepare the necessary information for the needs of environmental monitoring is highlighted. It is proved that big data technologies can raise environmental monitoring to a whole new level.

The problems and prospects of cooperation between Russia and Kazakhstan in the space industry are revealed, the significance of Baikonur and «Vostochny» cosmodromes in this process is revealed. The concepts of geospatial information, earth remote sensing data, trends in the spread of space research in various spheres of society are considered.

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The article deals with the formation of social engineering as a set of targeted actions in the field of environmental protection and use of natural resources. There are identified and analyzed the main components of environmental engineering: environmental regulation, environmental monitoring, environmental audit, environmental innovation, environmental programs and projects. The mechanisms of environmental engineering such as environmentally oriented investment and innovation projects and programs are identified. Their implementation will provide environmental, economic and social effects.

The article deals with the negative impact on the ecological situation in the areas of rocket and space activities. It turns out that the fallen modules of carrier rockets and the remaining fuel in them (heptyl) which enters the environment by toxic dispersing in the atmosphere and gets in contact on the ground having a negative effect on the environment. The article presents a comparison of functioning spaceports, especially the advantages and disadvantages of the Baikonur and the Vostochny cosmodromes. As a proposal, a system of permanent monitoring is considered, which allows identifying the parameters of the environment in an open approach to reduce social stress in the areas of activity of the rocket and space industry.