Industry, which on average accounts for about 60% of commodity exports in the EU-28, with over 58% resulting from the processing industry, plays a key role in ensuring the competitiveness of EU countries. The article aims to simulate the influence of structural processing industry parameters on the industry's efficiency. Correlation methods and the regression analysis were used to substantiate the hypotheses regarding the effect that the share comprised of high-tech and medium-high-tech industries has on the output structure, and the impact made by the share of imports in the intermediate consumption of those industries on the efficiency (the share of gross value added (GVA) in output) of the processing industry. Based on the criteria indicating the increased technological level and reduced import dependence, economic and mathematical models of optimisation were created for the output structure and intermediate consumption of the processing industry, which were then solved using the linear programming method. The authors present the mathematical proof of the relationship between the change in structural parameters (shares of high-tech and medium-tech industries and the share of imports in the structure of their intermediate consumption) of the processing industry and the ratio of the gross value added/output. The results of the simulation, which were based on data from the European Statistical Office and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, provide an analytical basis for selecting industrial policy benchmarks.

The industrial sector of the Polish economy plays an important role in ensuring the socio-economic development of the country. The Polish industry accounts for 24.1 % of the country’s employed population and 25.1 % of the GVA. The article aims to model the structural parameters of the Polish industrial sector according to the criterion of increasing product innovation level based on a comprehensive assessment of the Polish industry performance in the regional context. The offered method focuses on estimating the industrial sector at the macro and meso levels using a set of indicators for investment, innovation, labour activity, and profitability. Correlation-regression analysis methods were used to prove hypotheses about the impact of product innovation on employment and wages in the industry. To optimise the structure of the Polish industrial sector, an economic-mathematical model was developed, which was solved using the linear programming method. The target functionality of this model is the level of product innovation, at which the gross average monthly wage of Polish industry workers will double (to the EU average). The simulation results, which was based on data from the Central Statistical Office of Poland, provide an analytical basis for selecting industrial policy benchmarks for Poland.

Industry forms the basis for the world economy and national economies, in particular, as it provides intermediate and final consumption products to all other sectors (manufacturing, finance, services) and the population. The article aims to develop a methodology for a comprehensive assessment of the industrial sector efficiency at the meso level and its testing on the example of Polish regions. The authors’ methodology includes three main stages of research. The first stage involves calculating the level of industrial economy and innovation of the country and its regions in terms of sales of industrial products, the cost of innovation of industrial enterprises, and net income from the sale of innovative products. The second stage includes an integrated assessment of the industrial sector’s efficiency. For each of the four selected indicators of efficiency (investment, labor, innovation, and profitability), the taxonomic indicators defined as the arithmetic mean of the three standardized indicators are calculated. In the third stage, the regions are ranked according to the values of taxonomic indicators of the current development state and dynamics, as well as the final integrated indicator of the industry efficiency based on the k-average method. The results of the assessments of the industrial sector of the Polish economy according to the authors’ methodology allow distinguishing three groups of regions by type of industry: the first group – traditionally industrial provinces with a high level of the industrial economy but with signs of reduced capacity and increasing product innovation (Mazovia, Lower Silesia, Silesia, Greater Poland, Lesser Poland, Lodz, Pomerania); the second group – voivodships, which occupy a low share in country’s industry, and are characterized by medium or low values of partial indicators of the current state of labor activity but higher indicators of innovation activity and the strongest dynamics (Subcarpathia, Podlaskia, Opole, Lubusz, Lublin); the third group – voivodships, which are characterized by the non-industrial type of economy and mostly low values of industrial activity (Warmia-Masuria, Swietokrzyskie, West Pomerania, Kuyavia-Pomerania).

Innovation largely determines the dynamics of gross value added, profit, productivity, and hence the level of wages. Accordingly, intensive innovation of industrial enterprises is one of the most important prerequisites for effective socio-economic development of the country. The aim of the article is to determine the trends of innovation activity of the industrial sector of the economy of the regions of Ukraine on the basis of comparative statistical evaluation. According to the results of the analysis, the share of innovative products in the volume of sold industrial products in Ukraine is the lowest among European countries, in particular in 2020 it was 1.9% (compared to 3.3% in 2013), while in Poland the value this figure was over 9%, and in Germany – 18%. The low level of innovation in industrial products in Ukraine is a direct consequence of the relatively low cost of innovation (0.47 billion euros in 2020 against 4.58 billion euros in Poland and 133.2 billion euros in Germany), the volume of which during 2012–2020 decreased by more than 70%. It is analytically proved that the innovation activity of the industrial sector of Ukraine's economy in the regional context is extremely uneven. In particular, the undisputed leader (with a significant gap from other regions) in terms of sales of innovative products in the domestic and foreign markets, as well as in terms of spending on innovation was Donetsk region, while the largest number of innovative enterprises was Kharkiv region. It is revealed that in general the high export orientation of innovative products of domestic industry is provided by medium-low-tech industries (metallurgy; production of rubber and plastic products; repair and installation of machinery and equipment). In contrast, Ukraine has a high import dependence in the segments of intermediate and final consumption of high- and medium-high-tech products, including machine-building, textile, chemical and pharmaceutical. This indicates the existence of systemic problems related to the influence of a number of macroeconomic factors (especially the situation in certain markets) and a weak system of government incentives and regulation of innovation and protection of national economic interests.

ЕКОНОМІКА ТА ПРАВО ECONOMICS AND LAW Вступ. Проблеми функціонування промислового сектору національної економіки негативно впливають на рівень його конкурентоспроможності. Як наслідок, промислова продукція більшості вітчизняних товаровиробників є неконкурентною на зовнішніх ринках, а із поглибленням інтеграційних процесів, із запровадженням зон вільної торгівлі, зокрема із державами-членами Європейського Союзу та іншими країнами може втратити і значну частку внутрішнього ринку через низькі якісні та цінові параметри. Звідси витікає ак туальність проблематики проведення оцінки показників стану та результатів функціонування промислового сектору економіки України задля визначення перспектив подальшого розвитку у конкурентному середовищі. Аналіз останніх досліджень і публікацій. Вагомим є внесок у розвиток теорії конкурентоспроможності науково-дослідних груп М. Портера (M. Porter) [1, 2] і Дж. Даннінга (J. Dunning) [3, 4]. В Ук раїні ґрунтовні оцінки конкурентоспроможності секторів економі ки в умовах глобалізації, інтернаціоналізації та міжнародної конкуренції проведені групою дослідників Інституту економіки і прогно зування НАН України під керівництвом академіка НАН України В.М. Гейця [5-7]. Водночас, з огляду на масштабність та неоднорідність промислового сектору національної економіки, він потребує поглиблених досліджень у регіональному вимірі, надто в умовах переходу до інноваційної моделі розвитку, проголошеної урядом. Мета статті-оцінювання активності та ефективності функціонування промислового сектору економіки регіонів України і побудова рейтингу останніх за рівнем конкурентних переваг промисловості. Ключові слова: промислова продукція, виробництво, екс порт, інвестиції, інновації, ефективність. На основі авторського методичного підходу проведено оцінювання рівня конкурентних переваг промислового сектору національної економіки (у розрізі областей) крізь призму активності та ефективності його функціонування. Побудовано рейтинг регіонів України за значеннями інтегрального індексу конкурентоспроможності промисловості. Визначено ключові тенденції розвитку вітчизняного промислового виробництва у регіональному вимірі.